Mechanical excavator yekuongorora zviyero uye nzira!

Crawler mechanical excavator ine midziyo yekubata

Mechanical excavatorkuongorora chiyero zvinodiwa

01Mechanical excavator kuongorora-mutyairi kushanda chinzvimbo chekuongorora

-Equipment

Kombi yemutyairi inofanira kuiswa panzvimbo yemutyairi yemuchina wekukwira.

Michina ine huremu hwekushanda hunodarika 1,500 kg uye nzvimbo yemutyairi inofanira kunge yakashongedzerwa nekombi yemutyairi.Michina ine huremu hwekushanda huri pasi kana kuenzana ne1,500 kg haidiwi kuve nekombi yemutyairi.

Michina yekufambisa pasi inofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti midziyo yekudzivirira yakakwana inoiswa kana ichishandiswa mukushandisa kune njodzi yekubhururuka kwemarara (semuenzaniso kushandisa mahydraulics).

-Minimal basa nzvimbo

Iyo shoma yekufamba nzvimbo yevatyairi inofanirwa kutevedzera ISO 3411.

Iyo yakaderera nzvimbo yechinzvimbo chemutyairi uye nzvimbo yezvinodzora inofanirwa kuenderana ne ISO 6682

-Kufamba zvikamu

Zviga zvinofanirwa kuitwa kudzivirira kusangana netsaona kubva pachinzvimbo chemutyairi nezvikamu zvinofamba zvakaita semavhiri, mabhandi kana midziyo yekushandisa kana zvakanamirwa.

-Kupera kweinjini

Iyo gasi yekupedza kubva mujini inofanira kuchengetedzwa kure nemutyairi uye nemhepo inlet yekombi

-Kutenga uye dhipoziti rezinesi rekutyaira

Nzvimbo inofanirwa kupihwa pedyo nenzvimbo yemutyairi kuchengetedza zvakachengeteka bhuku remutyairi kana mamwe mirairo yekushandisa.Kana nzvimbo yemutyairi isingakwanisi kukiyiwa kana kuti pasina kabhu yemutyairi, nzvimbo yacho inofanira kunge yakavharika.

-Mucheto wakapinza

Hapafanirwe kuve nechero mheto dzakapinza kana makona ari pachena panzvimbo yekushanda yemutyairi (sesirin'i, chiridzwa chemukati chemudziyo uye nzira inoenda kunzvimbo yemutyairi).

-Mamiriro ekunze panzvimbo yemutyairi

Kombi yemutyairi inofanira kudzivirira mutyairi kubva kumamiriro ekunze akaipa anooneka.Kugadzirira kweventilation systems, inogadziriswa yekudziya masisitimu uye magirazi ekugadzirisa masisitimu anofanirwa kuiswa zvinoenderana nemirairo.

-Mapombi akaoma uye hoses

Iyo cab yakashongedzerwa nekumanikidza kwemvura kunopfuura 5 MPa kana tembiricha inodarika 60 C uye hoses.

-Basic masuo uye kubuda

Kuvhurwa kwekutanga kwekupinda kuchapihwa, hukuru hwayo huchaenderana neISO 2867.

-Alternate yekupinda nekubuda

Imwe yekupinda/ yekubuda ichapihwa kune rimwe divi kubva kune yekutanga yekupinda / yekubuda.Zviyero zvaro zvichaenderana ne ISO 2867. Iri rinogona kunge riri hwindo kana rimwe gonhi rinogona kuvhurwa kana kutamiswa pasina makiyi kana maturusi.Kana musuwo unogona kuvhurwa kubva mukati usina kiyi kana zvishandiso, shandisa latch.Magonhi egirazi anotyoka uye mahwindo ehukuru hwakakodzera anogonawo kutariswa seakakodzera mamwe ekubuda kunze, chero sando inodiwa yekutiza inopihwa mucab uye yakaiswa mukati memutyairi anosvika.

-Ventilation system

Iyo mhepo inofefetera inofanirwa kukwanisa kupa mweya mutsva kune kabhu yemutyairi ine kuyerera kusingasviki 43 m/h.Mafirita achaedzwa zvinoenderana neSO 10263-2.

-Defrost system

Iyo defrosting system inofanirwa kupa kumberi nekumashure mahwindo ekudzikisa chando, senge kuburikidza neinodziya system kana yakazvipira defrosting mudziyo.

- Supercharging system

Kana kabhu ine pressurization system yakapihwa, iyo pressurization system inoedzwa zvinoenderana neSO 10263-3 uye ichapa hama yemukati yekumanikidza isingasviki makumi mashanu Pa.

-Masuo nemahwindo

Magonhi, mahwindo uye zviputi zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa zvakachengeteka munzvimbo dzavanoda kushanda.Magonhi anofanirwa kuvharirwa munzvimbo yavanoda kushanda nezvisungo zvakaomarara zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kuvhurika kwakachengeteka kwemusuwo wekutanga uye kubuda munzvimbo yakarongwa yekushanda, uye zvidziviriro zvinofanirwa kuburitswa zviri nyore kubva panzvimbo yemutyairi kana papuratifomu yekupinda yemutyairi.

Mahwindo emotokari anofanira kuiswa nekuchengeteka kana zvimwe zvinhu zvine maitiro akafanana ekuchengetedza.

Mahwindo epamberi anofanira kunge aine mawiper emagetsi nemawachi.

Tangi yemvura yewasher yehwindo inofanira kuwanikwa nyore nyore.

-Kuvheneka kwemukati

Cab yemutyairi inofanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa neyakagadziriswa yemukati yekuvhenekesa mudziyo, iyo inofanirwa kuramba ichishanda mushure mekunge injini yadzimwa, kuitira kuti nzvimbo yemutyairi igone kuvhenekerwa uye bhuku remutyairi rinogona kuverengwa.

- Nhoo yekudzivirira yemutyairi

Mechanical excavators anofanira kukwanisa kuisa zvivako zvekudzivirira kumutyairi (varindi vepamusoro uye varindi vepamberi).Mugadziri anofanira kupa zvivako zvekudzivirira (varindi vepamusoro uye varindi vepamberi), izvo zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa nemushandisi zvichienderana nenjodzi dzekushandisa.

-Kudonha Chinhu Chekudzivirira Chimiro (FOPS)

Kunze kwezvisizvo zvakatsanangurwa muISO3449, masikweya cranes anotarisirwa kushandiswa munzvimbo dzine njodzi dzezvinhu zvinodonha anofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti akwanise kuisa chinodonha chinodzivirira chimiro (FOPS).

02Mechanical Excavator Inspection -Zvidzoreso zvemutyairi uye zviratidzo

-Kutanga uye kumisa mudziyo

Michina yekufambisa pasi inofanirwa kuve nemidziyo yekutanga nekumisa (senge kiyi), uye yekutanga sisitimu inofanirwa kunge ine michina yekudzivirira kudzivirira kushandiswa kusingatenderwe.

Michina inofamba-famba yepasi ichagadzirwa zvekuti kana injini yatangwa kana kumira, hazvigoneke kufambisa muchina, zvishandiso zvekushanda uye zvakabatanidzwa pasina kutanga zvidzoreso.

-Kushanda kusingatarisirwi

Kudzora midziyo inogona kukonzera njodzi nekuda kwekuita netsaona inofanirwa kurongeka kana kuvharwa kana kuchengetedzwa zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekudzikisa njodzi.Kunyanya, kana mutyairi achipinda uye achibuda panzvimbo yemutyairi, mudziyo unodzima kudzora unofanirwa kuzviitira wega, kana kuti Inokurudzirwa nechisimba uye inogadziriswa nemidziyo yakakodzera.

-pedal pedal

Panofanira kuva nehukuru hwakakodzera, chimiro uye nzvimbo yakakwana pakati pavo.Kutsika kunofanirwa kunge kune nzvimbo isina kutsvedza uye kuve nyore kuchenesa.Kana mapedal emuchina anofambisa pasi uye mapedhi emotokari ane mabasa akafanana (clutch, braking uye acceleration), kuitira kudzivirira njodzi inokonzerwa nekusanganisa, mapedhi anofanira kurongeka nenzira imwechete.

-Emergency kumhara yezvibatanidzwa

Kana injini ichimira, zvinokwanisika:

· Dzikisa chishandiso chekushanda / chinamatira pasi / rack;

· Kudzikiswa kwechikamu chebasa / kunamatira kunoonekwa kubva panzvimbo iyo mutyairi anomhanyisa kudzikisa kudzora:

· Bvisa kusarira kwemvura mune yega yega hydraulic uye pneumatic circuit yezvishandiso zvebasa/zvishandiso zvekushandisa zvinogona kukonzera njodzi.Zvibvumirano zvekudzikisa zvakabatanidzwa uye nzira dzekubvisa zvakasara zvinomanikidza zvinogona kunge zviri kunze kwenzvimbo yemutyairi uye zvichatsanangurwa mubhuku remutyairi.

-Kufamba kusingadzoreki

Kufamba kwemichina nemidziyo yekushanda kana zvakanamirwa kubva munzvimbo dzakamisikidzwa, kunze kwekunge ichishandiswa nemutyairi, nekuda kwekutsvedza kana kunonoka (semuenzaniso kunokonzerwa nekudonha) kana kana magetsi amiswa, anodzorwa mukati mechikamu chisingakonze njodzi. kuvanhu vakafumurwa.

-Visual displays/ control panels, zviratidzo nezviratidzo

· Mutyairi anofanirwa kuona zvinodikanwa zvekushanda kwemuchina kubva panzvimbo yemutyairi, masikati kana husiku.Kupenya kunofanira kuderedzwa.

· Kudzora zviratidzo zvekushanda kwakajairwa uye kuchengetedzeka kwemuchina kunofanirwa kuenderana nezvinopihwa neISO 6011 nezvekuchengetedza uye zvine chekuita nenyaya.

· Symbols yeanoona yekuratidzira/yekudzora michina pamichina inofambisa pasi ichaenderana nezvinopihwa neISO 6405-1 kana S 6405-2, sezviri kushanda.

- Kudzora zvigadziriso zvemichina yekukwirisa isina kuitirwa kushanda kubva pasi ichapihwa nzira dzekudzikisa mukana wekusimudza mudziyo wekudzora kubva pasi.

-Michina isina-kukwira-pamakina anofanirwa kuve ane chibatiso chekubata chinomisa kushanda kwemuchina uye kufamba kune njodzi kwemudziyo kana mutyairi aburitsa kutonga.Zvinodzora zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti zvitarise njodzi yekufamba netsaona kwemuchina wakananga kumushandisi.

03Mechanical excavator kuongorora-steering system kuongorora

-Sitimu inotungamira inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti dhiraivha inopindirana neyakagadzirirwa kutungamira inotsanangurwa mukatiISO 10968.

- Forward/reverse-belt-covered machines Chifambiso chemuchina wakavharwa nebhandi unofamba nekumhanya unopfuura 20 km/h inofanira kunge yakapfava.

 04Mechanical excavator kuongorora-swing brake system inspection

Mechanical excavator inofanirwa kunge ine swing operation uye kupaka mabhureki masisitimu.

05Mechanical excavator kuongorora-kusimudza hurongwa hwekuongorora

-Kumanikidzwa kutonga (kusimudza / pasi)

Iyo yekusimudza sisitimu ye mechanical excavator inofanira kunge yakagadzirwa nebhureki.Iyo bhureki inofanirwa kuvhurwa nekukurumidza mushure mekuburitsa mubato kana pedal.Iyo braking system inofanirwa kuita otomatiki muchiitiko chekurasikirwa kwesimba kana kumanikidzwa kutonga kuderera, uye haifanirwe kukanganisa kugadzikana kweiyo yekuchera.Braking Iyo sisitimu inofanirwa kuchengetedza iyo yakatemerwa mutoro unotsanangurwa mu4.8

-Mahara kudonha kushanda

Iyo hoisting system ye mechanical excavator ichave yakashongedzerwa nebhureki uye ichaitwa ipapo ipapo pasi pemamiriro anotevera:--Kushanda kunoenderana kwechitsiko chetsoka;

Sunungura ruoko.

Mabhureki achagadzirwa kuti arambe achiita mabhureki emutoro unofamba. Gwaro rinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti tambo yewaya isasimuke kana kudonha.

-Switch

Paunenge uchishandura kubva kumanikidziro ekugadzirisa kushanda kune kusununguka kudonha kushanda, hapanofanira kuva nekudonha kwemutoro.

-bhomba

Iyo boom yemuchina wekuchera inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kubva pakudzokororwa kana ikangoerekana yaburutswa.Iyo boom inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa neinogumira switch kudzivirira kudzosera kuremerwa.

Izvo zvinongedzo (mabhaudhi) pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvebhoom zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti zvibvumire kuisirwa uye kubviswa pasina kudikanwa kwevashandi kumira pasi pebhoom.

-Waya tambo

Chinhu chekuchengetedza che mechanical excavator tambo tambo inofanira kugadziriswa.

-Waya tambo dhiramu uye waya tambo pulley

· Magadzirirwo nekugadzirwa kwemadhiramu etambo netambo dzetambo dzinofanira kudzivirira kukuvara kwetambo yetambo uye kutsvedza kana kusimuka kwetambo yetambo yegwara.

· Huyero hwedhayamu yetambo yetambo yedhayamita kuenda kune waya dhayamita yetambo inofanira kunge iine 20:1.

· Reshiyo yedhayamu yetambo yepulley dhayamita kune dhayamita yetambo yewaya yakayerwa pamukoto wetambo inofanira kunge iine 22:1.Dragline dhairekitori, dhiraivha pulley uye ebetsero waya tambo hazvibatanidzwe.

· Crimping rim, kumucheto kwechigubhu chewinch kunofanira kuva kanenge ka1.5 pahupamhi hwetambo yetambo.

06Mechanical excavator kuongorora-kudzora mudziyo kuongorora

-Load nguva limiter

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekubata zvinhu, iyo hoisting system uye boom hoisting system inofanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa neinoremedza nguva yekumisikidza kudzivirira kuwandisa.Iyo yekuremedza nguva yekumisikidza inofanirwa kuiswa kune yakatemerwa mutoro wakataurwa mu4.8, nekushivirira kwe10%.Mushure memutoro wenguva yekumisikidza yashandiswa, nguva yekuremedza inofanira kuderedzwa.4.7.2 Simudza chinogumira.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekubata zvinhu, ma mechanical excavator anofanirwa kuve akashongedzerwa neanogumira switch yekusimudza mafambiro.Mushure mekuchinja kwemuganho kwaitwa, iyo boom inofanirwa kukwanisa kudzika.

-Limit switch ye boom lift system

Iyo boom yekusimudza sisitimu yemuchina wekuchera inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa neinogumira switch kudzivirira kudzosera kuremerwa kwebhoom.Mushure meiyo switch switch yaitwa, iyo boom inofanirwa kukwanisa kudzika.

07Mechanical excavator kuongorora-kuongorora kugadzikana

- Earthmoving muchina ane maturusi ekushanda uye zvakanamirwa, zvinosanganisira zvingasarudzika zvishandiso, zvakagadzirirwa uye kugadzirwa zvinopa kugadzikana kwakakwana pasi pekugadzirisa, kusangana, disassembly uye yekufambisa mamiriro ekushanda anotsanangurwa nemugadziri mubhuku rekutyaira.Midziyo inoshandiswa kuwedzera kugadzikana kwemuchina wepasi mukushandisa modhi inofanirwa kuiswa nevharivha kana yenzira imwe chete kuti ibate hose panzvimbo kana ikatadza kana kuzadzwa nemafuta.

- Dragline bhaketi, simba rekushandisa remuchina wekuchera mukudhonza dhizaini ichave idiki pane anotevera maviri:

a) 75% yeakaverengerwa kupidigura mutoro P;

b) Maximum kusimudza kugona kwewinji.

Dragline bucket calibration calibration ichatemerwa nemugadziri

-Kubata nefoshoro

Kugona kushanda kwemuchina wekuchera mukubata nefoshoro mamiriro anofanira kunge ari madiki pane maviri anotevera:

Zvichienderana ne66% yezvakaverengerwa kupidigura mutoro P;

· Yakanyanya kusimudza kugona kwewinji.

Kuyerwa kwesimba refoshoro kuchatemerwa zvinoenderana neISO 7546 uye chiyero chekugona kwebhaketi rekubata kuchatemwa nemugadziri.