Vuba aha, ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi bikorerwa mu gihugu byitabiriwe n’amahanga, bituma umubare w’amapikipiki atatu y’amashanyarazi ashyirwa ku mbuga zitandukanye za e-bucuruzi zo mu mahanga zikomeza kwiyongera.Ibipimo byumutekano kuri trikipiki yamashanyarazi na moto zamashanyarazi biratandukanye mubihugu.Abatanga ibicuruzwa n'ababikora bakeneye gusobanukirwa ibipimo ngenderwaho byamasoko yagenewe kugirango amapikipiki atatu yumuriro ashobore kuzuza ibisabwa byamasoko yaho.
Ibisabwa bya tekinike yo kugenzura amapikipiki atatu na moto
1. Ibisabwakuri tricycle yamashanyarazi no kugenzura moto yamashanyarazi
- Kugaragara kwa trikipiki yamashanyarazi na moto zamashanyarazi bigomba kuba bifite isuku kandi bifite isuku, ibice byose bigomba kuba bitameze neza, kandi amasano agomba kuba akomeye.
- Gupfukirana ibice bitatu byamashanyarazi na moto byamashanyarazi bigomba kuba binini kandi bigahuzwa nibyuho kandi ntaho bihuriye.Ubuso butwikiriye bugomba kuba bworoshye, buringaniye, buringaniye bwamabara, kandi buhujwe neza.Ntabwo hagomba kubaho ibyobo bigaragara, ibibara, amabara yahinduwe, ibice, ibisebe, ibishushanyo, cyangwa ibimenyetso bitemba hejuru yubuso.Ntabwo hagomba kubaho hepfo cyangwa ibimenyetso bigaragara bitemba cyangwa ibice hejuru yubuso butagaragara.
- Ubuso butwikiriye amapikipiki atatu y’amashanyarazi na moto y’amashanyarazi birasa mu ibara kandi ntibigomba kugira umwijima, kubyimba, gukonjesha, ingese, kwerekana hasi, burr cyangwa gushushanya.
-Ibara ryubuso bwibice bya plastiki ya trikipiki yamashanyarazi na moto yamashanyarazi birasa, nta gushushanya kugaragara cyangwa kutaringaniye.
- Gusudira ibice byubatswe byicyuma cya trikipiki yamashanyarazi na moto yamashanyarazi bigomba kuba byoroshye kandi ndetse, kandi ntihakagombye kubaho inenge nko gusudira, gusudira ibinyoma, gushyiramo ibishishwa, gucamo, imyenge, no gusasa hejuru.Niba hariho gusudira nodules hamwe no gusudira hejuru hejuru yumurimo, Ugomba koroshya.
- Intebe zicaro za trikipiki yamashanyarazi na moto zamashanyarazi ntizigomba kugira amenyo, ubuso bunoze, kandi nta minkanyari cyangwa ibyangiritse.
-Ibinyabiziga bitatu bya moteri n'amashanyarazi ya moto bigomba kuba biringaniye kandi byoroshye, bitagira ibibyimba byinshi, bigenda neza cyangwa bidahuye neza.
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2. Ibisabwa byibanze kugirango ugenzurweamapikipiki atatu n'amashanyarazi
-Ibimenyetso by'ibinyabiziga n'ibyapa
Amapikipiki y’amashanyarazi na moto y’amashanyarazi agomba kuba afite nibura ikirango kimwe cyangwa ikirango cyuruganda rushobora kubungabungwa burundu kandi bigahuza nikirangantego cyibinyabiziga ku gice cyoroshye kigaragara imbere yimbere yumubiri wikinyabiziga.
-Ibipimo byinshi nibipimo byiza
a) Ibipimo nyamukuru nibipimo byubuziranenge bigomba kubahiriza ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe ninyandiko zishushanya.
b) Umutwaro wa Axle hamwe nibipimo bya misa: Iyo moto ya moto yibiziga bitatu iri mumapakurura kandi yuzuye yuzuye, umutwaro wikiziga cya sidecar ugomba kuba munsi ya 35% yuburemere bwa curb hamwe na misa yose uko yakabaye.
c) Umutwaro wagenzuwe: Ubwinshi ntarengwa bwemewe bwikinyabiziga gifite moteri bugenwa hashingiwe ku mbaraga za moteri, umutwaro ntarengwa wo kugereranya imitwaro, ubushobozi bwo gutwara amapine hamwe n’ibyangombwa bya tekiniki byemewe ku mugaragaro, hanyuma agaciro ntarengwa kagenwa.Amapikipiki na moto mugihe nta mutwaro uremereye kandi wuzuye, igipimo cyumutwaro wa shitingi (cyangwa umutwaro wimodoka) hamwe nubwikorezi bwikinyabiziga hamwe nubunini rusange bigomba kuba birenze cyangwa bingana na 18%;
-Icyuma gikoresha ibikoresho
Amapikipiki (cyangwa imashini) ya trikipiki na moto bigomba kuzunguruka byoroshye bidakomeye.Ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho bigabanya imiyoborere.Sisitemu yo kuyobora ntigomba kubangamira ibindi bice mubikorwa byose.
Umubare ntarengwa wo kuzunguruka wubusa bwa trikipiki na moto bigomba kuba munsi ya 35 °.
Inguni ibumoso cyangwa iburyo ihinduranya ibiziga bya trikipiki na moto bigomba kuba munsi cyangwa bingana na 45 °;
Amapikipiki na moto ntibigomba gutandukana mugihe utwaye mumihanda igororotse, ikomeye, yumutse kandi isukuye, kandi ibiziga byabo (cyangwa imashini) ntibigomba kugira ibintu bidasanzwe nko kunyeganyega.
Amapikipiki na moto bigenda ku igorofa iringaniye, ikomeye, yumye kandi isukuye cyangwa umuhanda wa asfalt, kuva kumurongo ugororotse ugenda uzenguruka umuzenguruko ujya kumurongo wikinyabiziga gifite diameter ya metero 25m mumasegonda 5 kumuvuduko wa 10km / h, hanyuma ugashyiraho The imbaraga ntarengwa zifatika kumpera yinyuma yimodoka igomba kuba munsi cyangwa ingana na 245 N.
Gukomanga ku kuboko no ku kuboko, ku musaraba no ku nkoni ya karuvati igororotse hamwe n’imipira y’umupira bigomba guhuzwa byizewe, kandi ntihakagombye kubaho gucika cyangwa kwangirika, kandi pin yumupira ntigomba kurekurwa.Iyo ikinyabiziga gifite moteri cyahinduwe cyangwa gisanwe, umusaraba hamwe nudukoni twa karuvati ntigomba gusudwa.
Imashini ikurura imbere, isahani yo hejuru nu hepfo ihuza ibyuma hamwe nuyobora ibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga bitatu na moto ntibigomba guhinduka cyangwa gucika.
-Umuvuduko
Amapikipiki y’amashanyarazi agomba kuba afite moteri yihuta, kandi ikosa ryikimenyetso cyerekana umuvuduko kigomba kubahiriza ibimenyetso bishushanyo byerekana ibice byagenzuwe, ibipimo nibikoresho byerekana ibimenyetso.
-impanda
Ihembe rigomba kugira imikorere yijwi rihoraho, kandi imikorere yamahembe nogushiraho bigomba kubahiriza ibikoresho byerekanwe bitaziguye.
-Guhindura ituze no guhagarara umwanya munini
Iyo ibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga bitatu na moto bifite ibiziga bitatu bipakuruwe kandi muburyo buhagaze, inguni ihagaze neza iyo ihengamiye ibumoso n'iburyo igomba kuba irenze cyangwa ingana na 25 °.
-Ibikoresho byo kwiba
Ibikoresho birwanya ubujura bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa bikurikira:
a) Iyo igikoresho cyo kurwanya ubujura gikora, kigomba kwemeza ko ikinyabiziga kidashobora guhinduka cyangwa ngo gitere imbere kumurongo ugororotse.b) Niba hakoreshejwe icyiciro cya 4 cyo kurwanya ubujura, mugihe igikoresho cyo kurwanya ubujura gifungura uburyo bwo kohereza, igikoresho kigomba gutakaza ingaruka zacyo.Niba igikoresho gikora mugucunga igikoresho cyo guhagarara, moteri yikinyabiziga igomba guhagarara mugihe ikora.c) Urufunguzo rushobora gukururwa gusa mugihe ururimi rufunze rufunguye cyangwa rufunze.Nubwo urufunguzo rwinjizwamo, ntirukwiye kuba mumwanya uwo ari wo wose ubangamira gusezerana kwa deadbolt.
-Ibisohoka hanze
Inyuma ya moto ntigomba kugira ibice bikarishye bireba hanze.Bitewe nuburyo, ubunini, inguni ya azimuth hamwe nubukomezi bwibi bice, mugihe ipikipiki igonganye cyangwa ibisakaye hamwe nabanyamaguru cyangwa izindi mpanuka zo mumuhanda, birashobora kwangiza umubiri kubanyamaguru cyangwa umushoferi.Kuri moto itwara imiziga itatu yibiziga, impande zose zagerwaho ziri inyuma yicyuma cyinyuma cyinyuma, cyangwa, niba nta gice cyinyuma cyinyuma, giherereye inyuma yindege ihanamye ihanamye inyura 500mm uhereye kumwanya R wicyicaro cyinyuma, niba uburebure burebure Niba butari munsi ya 1.5mm, bugomba guhubuka.
-Gukora imikorere
Bikwiye kwemezwa ko umushoferi ari mumwanya usanzwe wo gutwara kandi ashobora gukoresha umugenzuzi wa sisitemu yo gufata feri ya serivise adasize ibizunguruka (cyangwa ibizunguruka) n'amaboko yombi.Amapikipiki afite ibiziga bitatu (Icyiciro cya 1,) agomba kuba afite sisitemu ya feri yo guhagarara hamwe na sisitemu ya feri ya serivise igenzurwa na feri igenzura feri kumuziga yose.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibirenge sisitemu ni: sisitemu ya feri ya serivise nyinshi.Sisitemu yo gufata feri, cyangwa sisitemu yo gufata feri hamwe na feri yihutirwa.Sisitemu yo gufata feri yihutirwa irashobora kuba sisitemu yo guhagarika feri.
-Ibikoresho bimurika kandi byerekana ibimenyetso
Kwishyiriraho ibikoresho byo kumurika no kwerekana ibimenyetso bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza.Gushyira amatara bigomba kuba bikomeye, bidahwitse kandi byiza.Ntibagomba guhinduka, kwangirika, kunanirwa cyangwa guhindura icyerekezo cyumucyo kubera kunyeganyega kwimodoka.Imirasire yumucyo yose igomba gushyirwaho neza kandi igahinduka mubwisanzure, kandi ntigomba kuzimya cyangwa kuzimya wenyine kubera kunyeganyega kwimodoka.Guhindura bigomba kuba biri kubikorwa byoroshye.Inyuma ya retro-yerekana inyuma ya moto yamashanyarazi igomba kandi kwemeza ko itara ryimodoka rimurikirwa 150m imbere ya retro-reflektor nijoro, kandi urumuri rugaragaza urumuri rushobora kwemezwa aho rumuri.
-Ibikorwa byinshi bisabwa
Imin 10 min inyandiko zitangwa nuwabikoze.
-Ibisabwa kwizerwa
Ibisabwa byizewe bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mubicuruzwa bya tekiniki byatanzwe nuwabikoze.Niba nta bisabwa bifatika, ibisabwa bikurikira birashobora gukurikizwa.Mileage yo kwizerwa ikurikiza amategeko.Nyuma yikizamini cyo kwizerwa, ikadiri nibindi bice byuburyo bwikinyabiziga cyipimisha ntibishobora kwangirika nko guhindagurika, guturika, nibindi. Kugabanuka kwibipimo byingenzi bya tekiniki ntibishobora kurenga ibya tekiniki.5% byerekanwe, usibye bateri yumuriro.
-Guteranya ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge
Inteko igomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mu gushushanya ibicuruzwa n’inyandiko za tekiniki, kandi nta guteranya nabi cyangwa kubura byemewe;uwabikoze, ibisobanuro by'icyitegererezo, imbaraga, nibindi bya moteri ishyigikira agomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mubyangombwa bya tekinike yikinyabiziga (nkibipimo byibicuruzwa, imfashanyigisho y'ibicuruzwa, ibyemezo, nibindi);Ibice byo gusiga bigomba kuzuzwa amavuta ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa inyandiko tekinike;
Inteko yihuta igomba gushikama kandi yizewe.Itara ryerekana ibintu byingenzi bihuza bigomba kubahiriza ibishushanyo mbonera byibicuruzwa hamwe nibyangombwa bya tekiniki.Ibice byimuka byuburyo bugenzura bigomba guhinduka kandi byizewe, kandi ntibigomba kubangamirwa no gusubiramo bisanzwe.Iteraniro ry'igifuniko rigomba gukosorwa neza kandi ntirigomba kugwa kubera kunyeganyega kw'ibinyabiziga;
Kuruhande, ibice, na cabs bigomba gushyirwaho neza kumurongo wikinyabiziga kandi ntibigomba gucika intege kubera kunyeganyega kw'ibinyabiziga;
Inzugi n'amadirishya by'imodoka ifunze bigomba gufungwa neza, inzugi n'amadirishya bigomba gufungura no gufunga byoroshye kandi byoroshye, gufunga umuryango bigomba kuba bikomeye kandi byizewe, kandi ntibigomba gukingurwa ubwabyo kubera kunyeganyega kw'ibinyabiziga;
Imyenda n'amagorofa y'imodoka ifunguye igomba kuba iringaniye, kandi intebe, intebe zicara hamwe nintoki bigomba gushyirwaho neza kandi byizewe nta bwisanzure;
Ibipimo by'uburinganire n'inyuma bisaba ko itandukaniro ry'uburebure hagati y'impande zombi z'ibice bisa nkibikoresho byo kuyobora hamwe na deflectors hamwe nubutaka ntibigomba kurenza 10mm;
Itandukaniro ry'uburebure hagati y'impande zombi z'ibice bisa nka cab n'igice cya moto y'amashanyarazi atatu y'amashanyarazi kuva hasi ntigomba kurenza 20mm;
Gutandukana hagati yindege yo hagati yiziga ryimbere ya moto yamashanyarazi atatu nindege ya santimetrike hagati yibiziga byombi byinyuma ntibigomba kurenza 20mm;
Muri rusange kwihanganira ibinyabiziga byose ntibigomba kurenza ± 3% cyangwa ± 50mm z'ubunini bw'izina;
Uburyo bwo kuyobora ibisabwa;
Ibinyabiziga bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho bigabanya imiyoborere.Imiyoboro igomba kuzunguruka mu buryo bworoshye nta nkomyi.Iyo izunguruka kumwanya ukabije, ntigomba kubangamira ibindi bice.Inkingi yimikorere ntigomba kugira ingendo ya axial;
Uburebure bwinsinga zokugenzura, ibikoresho byoroshye byoroshye, insinga, imiyoboro ya feri, nibindi bigomba kugira imipaka ikwiye kandi ntibigomba gufatanwa mugihe icyuma kizunguruka, cyangwa ntigomba kugira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe yibice bifitanye isano;
Igomba kuba ishobora gutwara mumurongo ugororotse kumuhanda uringaniye, ukomeye, wumye kandi usukuye nta gutandukira.Ntihakagombye kubaho ihungabana cyangwa ibindi bintu bidasanzwe kurubuto iyo ugenda.
-Fata uburyo bwo guteranya ibyangombwa
Feri nuburyo bukoreshwa bigomba guhinduka, kandi marge yo guhinduka ntigomba kuba munsi ya kimwe cya gatatu cyamafaranga yo guhindura.Gukubita ubusa kwa feri na pederi ya feri bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mugushushanya ibicuruzwa nibyangombwa bya tekiniki;feri cyangwa feri ya feri igomba kugera kuri feri ntarengwa mugihe cya bitatu bya kane byuzuye.Iyo imbaraga zihagaritswe, pederi ya feri izahinduka Motivation igomba kubura hamwe nayo.Ntabwo hagomba kubaho feri yo kwifata mugihe utwaye, usibye feri ya electromagnetique iterwa nibitekerezo byingufu zibinyabiziga.
-Ibisabwa byo guteranya uburyo bwo guterana
Kwishyiriraho moteri bigomba kuba bikomeye kandi byizewe, kandi bigomba gukora mubisanzwe.Ntabwo hagomba kubaho urusaku rudasanzwe cyangwa jitter mugihe cyo gukora.Urunigi rwohereza rugomba gukora byoroshye, hamwe no gukomera gukwiye kandi nta rusaku rudasanzwe.Agasanduku kagomba kubahiriza ibishushanyo mbonera byibicuruzwa cyangwa inyandiko tekinike.Umukandara wo guhererekanya uburyo bwo guhererekanya umukandara ugomba kugenda byoroshye nta guhina, kunyerera cyangwa kurekura.Ihererekanyabubasha ryimikorere ya shaft igomba kugenda neza nta rusaku rudasanzwe.
-Ibisabwa byo guteranya uburyo bwo gutembera
Byombi bizenguruka uruziga hamwe na radiyo yiruka yisura yanyuma yuruziga mugiterane cyibiziga ntigomba kurenza 3mm.Ikimenyetso cyerekana ipine kigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ya GB518, kandi ubujyakuzimu bwikigereranyo ku ikamba ryipine bugomba kuba burenze cyangwa bungana na 0.8mm.Isahani yavuzwe hamwe nugufunga ibiziga byuzuye biruzuye kandi bigomba gukomera ukurikije itara ryerekanwa ryerekanwe mubyangombwa bya tekiniki.Imashini zikurura ibintu ntizigomba kwizirika cyangwa gutaka urusaku rudasanzwe mugihe utwaye, kandi gukomera kwamasoko yibumoso hamwe niburyo bigomba gukomeza kuba bimwe.
-Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bisabwa
Ibimenyetso, ibikoresho nibindi bikoresho byamashanyarazi na switch bigomba gushyirwaho byizewe, bidahwitse kandi bikora neza, kandi ntibigomba guhinduka, byangiritse cyangwa bitagira ingaruka kubera kunyeganyega kwimodoka mugihe utwaye.Guhindura ntibigomba gufungura no kuzimya byonyine kubera kunyeganyega kw'ibinyabiziga.Insinga zose z'amashanyarazi zigomba guhuzwa, zigashyirwaho neza, kandi zigashyirwaho kandi zigafatwa.Abahuza bagomba guhuzwa neza kandi ntibarekure.Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bigomba gukora mubisanzwe, insulasiyo igomba kuba yizewe, kandi ntihakagombye kubaho imiyoboro migufi.Batteri ntigomba kugira imyanda cyangwa ruswa.Umuvuduko ukwiye ugomba gukora neza.
-Ibikoresho byo guteranya ibikoresho birinda umutekano
Igikoresho cyo kurwanya ubujura kigomba gushyirwaho neza kandi cyizewe kandi gishobora gufungwa neza.Kwishyiriraho igikoresho cyerekezo kitaziguye bigomba kuba bikomeye kandi byizewe, kandi umwanya wabyo ugomba kubungabungwa neza.Iyo abanyamaguru nabandi bahuye nimpanuka nigikoresho cyerekezo kitaziguye, kigomba kugira umurimo wo kugabanya ingaruka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-07-2024