Muva nje, izimoto zikagesi ezikhiqizwa kuleli zithole ukunakwa phesheya, okubangele ukuthi isibalo samabhayisikili amathathu kagesi abekwe kumapulatifomu ehlukene e-e-commerce angaphandle ukuthi aqhubeke nokukhuphuka.Izindinganiso zokuphepha zamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe.Abahlinzeki nabakhiqizi badinga ukuqonda amazinga nemithetho yemakethe eqondiwe ukuze amabhayisikili amathathu kagesi akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe yendawo.
Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zokuhlolwa kwamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi
1. Izidingo zokubukekaukuhlola ibhayisikili lantathu kagesi kanye nesithuthuthu sikagesi
- Ukubonakala kwamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi kanye nezithuthuthu zikagesi kufanele kuhlanzeke futhi kucoceke, zonke izingxenye kufanele zibe ziqinile, futhi ukuxhumana kufanele kuqine.
- Izingxenye zokumboza zamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi kanye nezithuthuthu zikagesi kufanele zibe flat futhi zihlanganiswe nezikhala ezilinganayo futhi kungabikho ukungahambi kahle okusobala.Indawo yokumboza kufanele ibe bushelelezi, isicaba, ifane ngombala, futhi iboshwe ngokuqinile.Akufanele kube khona imigodi esobala, amabala, imibala enamabala, imifantu, amabhamuza, imihuzuko, noma izimpawu zokugeleza endaweni eveziwe.Akufanele kube khona okungaphansi obala noma izimpawu zokugeleza ezisobala noma imifantu endaweni engadalulwanga.
- Indawo enamathelayo yamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi inombala ofanayo futhi akufanele ibe mnyama, ukubhamuza, ukuxebuka, ukugqwala, ukuchayeka okuphansi, ama-burrs noma imihuzuko.
-Umbala ongaphezulu wezingxenye zepulasitiki zamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi zifana, azikho imihuzuko esobala noma ukungalingani.
- Amashisela ezingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi zamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi kanye nezithuthuthu zikagesi kufanele ashelele futhi alingane, futhi akufanele kube neziphambeko njengokushisela, ukushisela okungamanga, ukufakwa kwe-slag, imifantu, izimbotshana, kanye ne-spatter phezulu.Uma kukhona amaqhuqhuva wokushisela kanye ne-slag yokushisela ephakeme kunendawo yokusebenza, Kumele ibushelelezi.
- Amakhushini ezihlalo zamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi akumele angabi namazinyo, indawo ebushelelezi, futhi angabi nemibimbi noma umonakalo.
-Amabhayisikili amathathu kagesi kanye nezithuthuthu zikagesi kufanele zibe flat futhi zibushelelezi, ngaphandle kwamabhamuza, ukungqubuzana noma ukungahambi kahle okusobala.
- Izingxenye zokuvala zangaphandle zamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi kanye nezithuthuthu zikagesi kufanele zibe zicaba, zibe noshintsho olubushelelezi, futhi kungabi namaqhubu asobala, imihuzuko noma imihuzuko.
2. Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokuhlolwazamabhayisikili amathathu kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi
-Izimpawu zemoto nezingqwembe
Amabhayisikili amathathu kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi kufanele zifakwe okungenani uphawu lokuhweba olulodwa noma ilogo yefekthri engagcinwa unomphela futhi ihambisane nohlobo lwemoto engxenyeni ebonakala kalula yangaphandle engaphandle komzimba wemoto.
-Ubukhulu obukhulu kanye nemingcele yekhwalithi
a) Ubukhulu obuyinhloko nemingcele yekhwalithi kufanele ihambisane nezinhlinzeko zemidwebo nemibhalo yokuklama.
b) Umthwalo we-ekseli kanye nemingcele yesisindo: Uma inqola yesithuthuthu esinamasondo amathathu isesimweni sokuthululwa futhi igcwele ngokugcwele, umthwalo wamasondo wenqola eseceleni kufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-35% wesisindo sonqenqema kanye nesamba sesisindo ngokulandelana.
c) Umthwalo oqinisekisiwe: Isamba esiphezulu esivumelekile esivumelekile semoto sinqunywa ngokusekelwe emandleni enjini, ubukhulu bomthamo we-ekseli womklamo, umthamo wokuthwala amathayi kanye nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe egunyazwe ngokusemthethweni, bese kunqunywa inani elincane.Ezithuthuthuni ezinamasondo amathathu nezithuthuthu ngaphansi kwezimo ezingalayishiwe nezigcwele, isilinganiso somthwalo we-shaft shaft (noma isondo lokuqondisa) nesisindo somgwaqo wemoto kanye nesisindo esiphelele ngokulandelana kufanele sibe sikhulu noma silingane no-18%;
-Idivayisi yokuqondisa
Amasondo okuqondisa (noma izibambo zokuqondisa) zamabhayisikili amathathu nezithuthuthu kufanele ajikelezise ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngaphandle kokunamathela.Izimoto kufanele zibe nemishini yokuqondisa imingcele.Isistimu yokuqondisa akufanele iphazamise ezinye izingxenye kunoma iyiphi indawo yokusebenza.
Isilinganiso esiphezulu samahhala sokuzungezisa samasondo amathathu nesithuthuthu kufanele sibe ngaphansi noma silingane no-35°.
I-engeli yokujika kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla yamasondo okuqondisa amabhayisikili amathathu nezithuthuthu kufanele ibe ngaphansi noma ilingane no-45°;
Amabhayisikili amathathu nezithuthuthu akumele zichezuke lapho ushayela emigwaqweni eyisicaba, eqinile, eyomile futhi ehlanzekile, futhi amasondo azo (noma izibambo zokuqondisa) akufanele abe nezinto ezingavamile njengokuzulazula.
Amabhayisikili amathathu nezithuthuthu zihamba emigwaqweni eyisicaba, eqinile, eyomile futhi ehlanzekile usimende noma itiyela, ukuguquka usuka emugqeni oqondile wokushayela uzungeza umbuthano wesiteshi semoto onobubanzi obungaphandle obungama-25m ngemizuzwana emi-5 ngesivinini esingu-10km/h, bese ubeka Amandla amakhulu e-tangential onqenqemeni olungaphandle lwesiteringi kufanele abe ngaphansi noma alingane no-245 N.
I-knuckle yokuqondisa nengalo, isiphambano sokuqondisa kanye nezinduku zokubopha eziqondile nezikhonkwane zebhola kufanele zixhunywe ngokuthembekile, futhi akumele kube nemifantu noma umonakalo, futhi iphini lokuqondisa ibhola akufanele likhululeke.Uma imoto ilungiswa noma ilungiswa, izinduku zesiphambano neziqondile akufanele zihlanganiswe.
Ama-absorber angaphambili, amapuleti axhumayo aphezulu naphansi kanye nezibambo zokuqondisa zezimoto ezinamasondo amathathu nezithuthuthu akufanele zikhubazekile noma ziqhekeke.
-Speedometer
Izithuthuthu zikagesi kufanele zifakwe i-speedometer, futhi iphutha lenani lenkomba ye-speedometer kufanele lihambisane nezimpawu ezicacile zezingxenye zokulawula ezicacisiwe, izinkomba kanye namadivayisi okubonisa.
- icilongo
Uphondo kufanele lube nomsebenzi womsindo oqhubekayo, futhi ukusebenza nokufakwa kophondo kufanele kuhambisane nedivayisi yombono ongaqondile eshiwo.
-Roll ukuzinza kanye yokupaka ukuzinza angle
Uma izimoto ezinamasondo amathathu nezithuthuthu ezinamasondo amathathu zithululwa futhi zisesimweni esimile, i-engeli yokuzinza lapho itshekela kwesokunxele nakwesokudla kufanele ibe nkulu noma ilingane no-25°.
-Anti-ukweba
Imishini elwa nokwebiwa kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuklama ezilandelayo:
a) Uma umshini wokulwa nobugebengu ucushiwe, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi imoto ayikwazi ukujika noma ukuya phambili ngomugqa oqondile.b) Uma kusetshenziswa idivayisi elwa nokweba yeSigaba 4, lapho isivikelo sokweba sivula indlela yokudlulisa, ucingo kufanele lulahlekelwe ukukhiya kwalo.Uma idivayisi isebenza ngokulawula idivayisi yokupaka, injini yemoto izomiswa ngenkathi isebenza.c) Ukhiye ungakhishwa kuphela lapho ulimi lokukhiya luvuliwe noma luvalekile ngokugcwele.Ngisho noma ukhiye ufakiwe, akumele ube kunoma iyiphi indawo emaphakathi ephazamisa ukubandakanyeka kwe-deadbolt.
-Angaphandle
Ingaphandle lesithuthuthu akumele libe nezingxenye ezicijile ezibheke ngaphandle.Ngenxa yokuma, usayizi, i-azimuth angle nobulukhuni balezi zingxenye, lapho isithuthuthu sishayisana noma siklwebheka nomuntu ohamba ngezinyawo noma enye ingozi yethrafikhi, kungase kubangele ukulimala ngokomzimba kohamba ngezinyawo noma umshayeli.Ezithuthuthuni ezithwala impahla ezinamasondo amathathu, zonke iziphetho ezifinyelelekayo ezitholakala ngemuva kwephaneli yekota yangemuva, noma, uma lingekho iphaneli yekota yangemuva, etholakala ngemuva kwendiza eqondile ephambanayo edlula ku-500mm ukusuka endaweni engu-R yesihlalo esingasemuva, uma ukuphakama okuphumela ngaphandle Uma ingekho ngaphansi kuka-1.5mm, kufanele ibe buthuntu.
- Ukusebenza kwamabhuleki
Kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umshayeli usesimweni esijwayelekile sokushayela futhi uyakwazi ukusebenzisa isilawuli se-service braking system ngaphandle kokushiya isiteringi (noma isiteringi) ngezandla zombili.Izithuthuthu ezinamasondo amathathu (Isigaba 1,) kufanele zibe nesistimu yamabhuleki okupaka kanye nesistimu yamabhuleki elawulwa ngonyawo elawula amabhuleki kuwo wonke amasondo.I-foot-controlled foot-controlled brake system yilena: i-multi-circuit service brake system.Isistimu yokubhuleka, noma isistimu yokubhuleka exhunyiwe kanye nohlelo oluphuthumayo lokubhuleka.Uhlelo lokubhuleka oluphuthumayo lungaba uhlelo lwamabhuleki okupaka.
-Amadivayisi okukhanyisa kanye namasignali
Ukufakwa kwezibani nezinsimbi zokubonisa kufanele kuhambisane nemithethonqubo.Ukufakwa kwezibani kufanele kuqine, kungaguquki futhi kuphumelele.Akufanele zixege, zilimale, zehluleke noma zishintshe indlela ukukhanya kuyona ngenxa yokudlidliza kwemoto.Wonke ama-switch switch kufanele afakwe ngokuqinile futhi ashintshe ngokukhululekile, futhi akufanele avulwe noma acishwe wona ngokwawo ngenxa yokudlidliza kwemoto.Iswishi kufanele itholakale ukuze isebenze kalula.I-retro-reflector engemuva yesithuthuthu sikagesi kufanele futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ilambu lemoto likhanyiswa ngamamitha angu-150 ngokuqondile phambi kwe-retro-reflector ebusuku, futhi ukukhanya okubonisiwe kwesibonisi kungaqinisekiswa endaweni yokukhanya.
-Izidingo zokusebenza eziyinhloko
Imizuzu eyi-10 Isivinini esikhulu semoto (V.), isivinini esiphezulu semoto (V.), ukusebenza ngokushesha, ukubaleka, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ibanga lokushayela, namandla okukhiphayo alinganiselwe emoto kufanele kuhambisane nezinhlinzeko ezifanele ze-GB7258 kanye nobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo. imibhalo enikezwe umenzi.
-Izidingo zokwethembeka
Izidingo zokuthembeka kufanele zihambisane nezidingo zemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yomkhiqizo enikezwe umenzi.Uma zingekho izidingo ezifanele, lezi zidingo ezilandelayo zingalandelwa.Ibanga elithembekile lokushayela lihambisana nemithethonqubo.Ngemva kokuhlolwa kokwethembeka, ifreyimu nezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo semoto yokuhlola akumele zonakaliswe njengokuguqulwa, ukuqhekeka, njll. Ukwehla kwezinkomba zobuchwepheshe zokusebenza okuyinhloko ngeke kudlule izimo zobuchwepheshe.U-5% oshiwo, ngaphandle kwamabhethri wamandla.
-Izidingo zekhwalithi yomhlangano
Umhlangano kufanele uhambisane nezidingo zemidwebo yomkhiqizo kanye nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe, futhi akukho ukuhlangana kabi noma ukufakwa okulahlekile okuvunyelwe;umkhiqizi, imininingwane yemodeli, amandla, njll. wemoto esekelayo kufanele athobele izimfuneko zemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yemodeli yemoto (njengamazinga omkhiqizo, imanyuwali yemiyalelo yomkhiqizo, izitifiketi, njll.);Izingxenye zokugcoba kufanele zigcwaliswe nge-lubricant ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko zemidwebo yomkhiqizo noma imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe;
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Fastener kufanele kube okuqinile futhi okuthembekile.I-torque eqinisayo yokuxhunywa kwebhawodi ebalulekile kufanele ihambisane nezinhlinzeko zemidwebo yomkhiqizo kanye nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe.Izingxenye ezihambayo zendlela yokulawula kufanele ziguquguquke futhi zithembeke, futhi akufanele ziphazanyiswe ukusetha kabusha okuvamile.Ukuhlanganiswa kwekhava kufanele kulungiswe ngokuqinile futhi akufanele siwe ngenxa yokudlidliza kwemoto;
Ama-sidecars, amakhompathimenti, nama-cabs kufanele afakwe aqine ohlakeni lwemoto futhi akumele axege ngenxa yokudlidliza kwemoto;
Iminyango namafasitela emoto evaliwe kufanele kuvalwe kahle, iminyango namafasitela kufanele akwazi ukuvuleka nokuvala kalula futhi kalula, izingidi zezicabha kufanele zibe namandla futhi zithembeke, futhi akufanele zivuleke ngokwazo ngenxa yokundindizela kwemoto;
Ama-baffles kanye naphansi kwemoto evulekile kufanele kube flat, futhi izihlalo, ama-cushions ezihlalo kanye nezindawo zokubeka izingalo kufanele zifakwe ngokuqinile futhi zithembekile ngaphandle kokuxega;
I-Symmetry kanye nezilinganiso zangaphandle zidinga ukuthi umehluko wobude phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili zezingxenye ezilinganayo njengezibambo zokuqondisa kanye neziphambukisi kanye nomhlabathi akufanele ube mkhulu kuno-10mm;
Umehluko wobude phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili zezingxenye ezilinganayo njengekhebhu kanye nekhompathimenti yesithuthuthu sikagesi esinamasondo amathathu ukusuka phansi akufanele kube mkhulu kuno-20mm;
Ukuchezuka phakathi kwendiza emaphakathi yesondo langaphambili lesithuthuthu sikagesi esinamasondo amathathu kanye nendiza ephakathi nendawo yamasondo amabili angemuva akufanele kube kukhulu kuno-20mm;
Ukubekezelela kobukhulu bemoto yonke akufanele kube kukhulu kuno-±3% noma ±50mm wosayizi ojwayelekile;
Izidingo zokuhlanganisa indlela yokuqondisa;
Izimoto kufanele zifakwe izinto zokuqondisa iziqondiso.Isibambo sokuqondisa kufanele sijikeleze ngendlela evumelana nezimo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.Uma ijikeleza endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, akufanele iphazamise ezinye izingxenye.Ikholomu yokuqondisa akufanele ibe nokunyakaza kwe-axial;
Ubude bezintambo zokulawula, izinsimbi eziguquguqukayo, izintambo, amapayipi amabhuleki, njll. kufanele zibe namamajini afanelekile futhi akumele ziboshwe lapho isibambo sokuqondisa sizungeziswa, futhi akufanele kuthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwezingxenye ezihlobene;
Kufanele ikwazi ukushayela umugqa oqondile emgwaqeni oyisicaba, oqinile, owomile futhi ohlanzekile ngaphandle kokuchezuka.Akufanele kube khona ukunyakazisa noma ezinye izinto ezingavamile esibamboni sokuqondisa lapho ugibele.
-Izidingo zokuhlanganisa amabhuleki
Amabhuleki nezindlela zokusebenza kufanele zilungiseke, futhi umkhawulo wokulungisa akufanele ube ngaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yenani lokulungiswa.I-stroke engenzi lutho yesibambo sebhuleki kanye ne-brake pedal kufanele ihambisane nezidingo zemidwebo yomkhiqizo kanye nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe;isibambo sebhuleki noma i-pedal yebhuleki kufanele ifinyelele umphumela wokubhuleka omkhulu phakathi kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine ze-stroke egcwele.Uma i-force imisiwe, i-pedal ye-brake will Motivation kufanele iphele nayo.Akumele kube khona ukuzibhuleka wena ngesikhathi sokushayela, ngaphandle kwe-electromagnetic braking okubangelwa impendulo yamandla emoto.
-Izidingo zokuhlanganisa indlela yokudlulisa
Ukufakwa kwenjini kufanele kuqine futhi kuthembeke, futhi kufanele kusebenze ngokujwayelekile.Akufanele kube nomsindo ongajwayelekile noma i-jitter ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Iketango lokudlulisela kufanele lisebenze ngokuguquguqukayo, ngokuqina okufanele futhi kungabikho msindo ongajwayelekile.I-sag kufanele ihambisane nezinhlinzeko zemidwebo yomkhiqizo noma imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe.Ibhande lokudlulisela lendlela yokudlulisa ibhande kufanele lisebenze ngokuguquguqukayo ngaphandle kokugxumela, ukushelela noma ukuxega.Ishafu yokudlulisa ye-shaft transmission mechanism kufanele ihambe kahle ngaphandle komsindo ongajwayelekile.
-Izidingo zomhlangano wendlela yokuhamba
Kokubili ukuphuma okuyisiyingi kanye nokuphuma kwe-radial kobuso bokuphela kwerimu ekuhlanganiseni kwesondo akufanele kube kukhulu kuno-3mm.Uphawu lwemodeli yesondo kufanele luhambisane nemithetho ye-GB518, futhi ukujula kwephethini kumqhele wesondo kufanele kube kukhulu noma kulingane no-0.8mm.Ipuleti elikhulumayo nezinsimbi zokubopha amasondo akhulumayo kuqediwe futhi kufanele kuqiniswe ngokuvumelana netorque yokuqinisa ecaciswe emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe.Izinto ezibamba ukushaqeka akufanele zibhajwe noma zenze imisindo engavamile ngenkathi ushayela, futhi ukuqina kwemithombo ye-shock absorber kwesokunxele nesokudla kufanele kuhlale kufana.
-Izidingo zokuhlanganisa amathuluzi nemishini kagesi
Amasignali, amathuluzi nezinye izinto zikagesi namaswishi kufanele kufakwe ngendlela enokwethenjelwa, engaguquki futhi ephumelelayo, futhi akufanele ixege, yonakale noma ingasebenzi ngenxa yokudlidliza kwemoto phakathi nokushayela.Iswishi akufanele ivule futhi ivale ngokwayo ngenxa yokudlidliza kwemoto.Zonke izintambo zikagesi kufanele zihlanganiswe, zihlelwe kahle, zilungiswe futhi ziboshwe.Izixhumi kufanele zixhunywe ngokuthembekile futhi zingaxegi.Izinsimbi zikagesi kufanele zisebenze ngokujwayelekile, ukugquma kufanele kuthembeke, futhi akumele kube namasekhethi amafushane.Amabhethri akufanele abe nokuvuza noma ukugqwala.I-speedometer kufanele isebenze kahle.
-Izidingo zokuhlanganisa idivayisi yokuvikela ukuphepha
Idivayisi yokulwa nokweba kufanele ifakwe ngokuqinile nangokuthembekile futhi ingakhiywa ngempumelelo.Ukufakwa kwedivayisi yombono ongaqondile kufanele kuqine futhi kuthembeke, futhi indawo yayo kufanele igcinwe ngokuphumelelayo.Uma abahamba ngezinyawo nabanye behlangana ngephutha nomshini wokubona ongaqondile, kufanele ube nomsebenzi wokunciphisa umthelela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-07-2024