Izikhwama zokuhamba zivame ukusetshenziswa kuphela uma uphuma.Uma isikhwama siphuka ngenkathi uphumile, akukho nokushintshwa.Ngakho-ke, imithwalo yokuhamba kufanele kube lula ukuyisebenzisa futhi iqine.Ngakho, zihlolwa kanjani izikhwama zokuhamba?
Izinga lemithwalo elifanelekile lezwe lethu le-QB/T 2155-2018 lenza imininingwane efanele yokuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo, izidingo, izindlela zokuhlola, imithetho yokuhlola, ukumaka, ukupakisha, ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwamapotimende nezikhwama zokuhamba.Ifanele zonke izinhlobo zamapotimende nezikhwama zokuhamba ezinomsebenzi wokuphatha izingubo futhi zifakwe amasondo nezinqola.
1. Imininingwane
1.1 Ipotimende
Ukucaciswa komkhiqizo nokuchezuka okuvunyelwe kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho.
1.2 Isikhwama sokuhamba
Ezikhwameni zokuhamba ezihlukahlukene ezifakelwe amasondo nezinduku zokudonsa, imininingwane yomkhiqizo kufanele ihambisane nemithethonqubo yokuklama, ngokuchezuka okuvumelekile okungu-±5mm.
2. Ibhokisi (isikhwama) izingidi, amasondo, izibambo, izinduku zokudonsa, izinsimbi zehadiwe, noziphu kuhambisana nemithetho efanele.
Ngaphansi kokukhanya kwemvelo, sebenzisa izinzwa zakho netheyiphu yokulinganisa ukuze uhlole.Inani lokuthweswa iziqu letheyiphu yokulinganisa ngu-1mm.Igebe elihlangene lokuvula ibhokisi likalwa nge- feeler gauge.
3.1 Ibhokisi (umzimba wephakheji)
Umzimba ulungile futhi amazinyo aqondile;uqotho futhi uzinzile, ngaphandle kokungalingani noma okugwegwile.
3.2 Ama-noodle ebhokisi (ama-noodle esinkwa)
3.2.1 Amakesi athambile nezikhwama zokuhamba
Izinto ezingaphezulu zinombala ongaguquki kanye nokucwebezela, futhi ayikho imibimbi noma iminsalo esobala endaweni ye-suture.Ingaphezulu lihlanzekile futhi alinawo amabala.Impahla engaphezulu yesikhumba nesikhumba evuselelwe ayinawo umonakalo osobala, ukuqhekeka noma ukuqhekeka;impahla engaphezulu yesikhumba sokwenziwa/isikhumba sokwenziwa asinawo amaqhubu noma amamaki asobala;izingxenye eziyinhloko zezinto ezingaphezulu zendwangu azinayo i-warp ephukile, i-weft ephukile noma intambo eyeqiwe., imifantu nezinye iziphambeko, amaphutha amancane ama-2 kuphela avunyelwe ezingxenyeni ezincane.
3.2.2 Icala eliqinile
Ingaphezulu lebhokisi alinawo amaphutha njengokungalingani, ukuqhekeka, ukuwohloka, ukusha, imihuzuko, njll. Lihlanzekile ngokuphelele futhi alinawo amabala.
3.3 Umlomo webhokisi
Ukulingana kuqinile, igebe phakathi kwebhokisi elingaphansi kanye nesembozo alikho ngaphezu kuka-2mm, igebe phakathi kwebhokisi lekhava kanye nekhava alikho ngaphezu kuka-3mm, umlomo webhokisi kanye nebhokisi elingaphezulu lihlanganiswe ngokuqinile futhi ngokulinganayo.Ukuphahlazeka, ukuklwebheka, nama-burrs akuvunyelwe ekuvuleni kwe-aluminium kwebhokisi, futhi isendlalelo esivikelayo endaweni yensimbi kufanele ihambisane nombala.
3.4 Ebhokisini (esikhwameni)
Ukuthunga nokunamathisela kuqinile, indwangu icocekile futhi ihlelekile, futhi ulwelwesi alunawo amaphutha njengokuqhekeka kwendawo, i-warp ephukile, i-weft ephukile, intambo eyeqiwe, izingcezu ezihlukanisiwe, imiphetho exekethile kanye nokunye okungalungile.
3.5 Imithungo
Ubude bomthungo bulinganayo futhi buqondile, futhi imicu engenhla nephansi iyahambisana.Azikho izithungo ezingenalutho, izitishi ezingekho, izithungo ezeqiwe, noma imicu ephukile ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile;izingxenye ezimbili ezincane zivunyelwe, futhi indawo ngayinye akumele idlule imithungo emi-2.
3.6Uziphu
Ama-sutures aqondile, ama-margins ahambisana, futhi iphutha alikho ngaphezu kwe-2mm;ukudonsa kushelela, akukho ukungahambi kahle noma amazinyo alahlekile.
3.7 Izesekeli (izibambo, izinsimbi, izingidi, izingwegwe, izindandatho, izinzipho, izingxenye zokuhlobisa, njll.)
Ingaphezulu libushelelezi futhi alinayo i-burr.Izingxenye zokucwebezelisa zensimbi zimbozwe ngokulinganayo, azikho ukucwebezela okungekho, akukho ukugqwala, amabhamuza, azihlikihliki, azinamihuzuko.Ngemva kokufuthwa izingxenye ezimbozwe nge-spray, i-surface coating izofana ngombala futhi ngaphandle kokuvuza kwesifutho, ukuconsa, ukushwabana noma ukuxebuka.
1. Ukumelana nokukhathala kwenduku yokubopha
Hlola ngokuya nge-QB/T 2919 bese udonsa ndawonye izikhathi ezingu-3000.Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, akuzange kube khona ukuguqulwa, ukugxumela, noma ukuxegiswa kwe-tie rod.
Uma kuhlolwa ipotimende elinethayi eliphindwe kabili, zonke izinduku zokubopha kufanele zikhishwe futhi umthwalo we-5kg kufanele ufakwe ejoyintini lokunweba elixhuma ama-tie-rods ebhokisini.Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, isondo eligijimayo lijikeleza ngokuguquguqukayo, ngaphandle kokugxumela noma ukuguqulwa;uhlaka lwamasondo kanye ne-ekseli akunakuguqulwa noma ukuqhekeka;isondo eligijimayo alikho ngaphezu kuka-2mm;induku kathayi idonsa kahle, ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, ukuxega, noma ukugxumela, futhi intambo yokubopha nebhande lokudonsa ohlangothini Akukho ukuqhekeka noma ukuxega ekuhlanganyeleni phakathi kwe-mop eseceleni nebhokisi;ibhokisi (isikhwama) ilokhi livulwa ngokujwayelekile.
3. Ukusebenza komthelela we-Oscillation
Beka izinto ezithwala imithwalo ngokulinganayo ebhokisini (isikhwama), futhi uhlole izibambo, izinti zokudonsa, namabhande ngokulandelana ngokulandela imithetho.Inombolo yemithelela ye-oscillation yile:
——Izibambo: izikhathi ezingu-400 zamapotimende athambile, izikhathi ezingu-300 zamakesi aqinile, izikhathi ezingu-300 zezibambo eziseceleni;Izikhathi ezingama-250 zezikhwama zokuhamba.
- Donsa induku: lapho usayizi wepotimende ≤610mm, donsa induku izikhathi ezingu-500;lapho ubukhulu bepotimende bu> 610mm, donsa induku izikhathi ezingu-300;lapho isikhwama sokuhamba idonsa induku izikhathi ezingu-300
Izinga lesibili.Uma uhlola induku yokudonsa, sebenzisa inkomishi yokumunca ukuze uye phezulu naphansi ngesivinini esingaguquki ngaphandle kokuyikhulula.
——Indwayimana: izikhathi ezingama-250 ngebhande elilodwa, izikhathi ezingama-400 ngebhande eliphindwe kabili.Lapho uhlola i-strap, i-strap kufanele ilungiswe ubude bayo obukhulu.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, ibhokisi (umzimba wephakheji) alinayo i-deformation noma ukuqhekeka;izingxenye azinakho ukuguqulwa, ukuphuka, ukulimala, noma ukunqanyulwa;izinto ezilungiswayo nezixhunywayo azikhululekile;izinduku zokubopha zidonswa ndawonye ngokushelela, ngaphandle kokuguquka, ukuxega, noma ukuminyana., hhayi ukuhlukana;akukho ukuqhekeka noma ukuxega ekuhlanganyeleni phakathi kwenduku yokubopha nebhokisi (umzimba wephakheji);ibhokisi (iphakheji) lokukhiya livulwa ngokujwayelekile, futhi ukukhiya kwephasiwedi akunayo i-jamming, ukweqa inombolo, ukukhumula, izinombolo ezilahlekile kanye namaphasiwedi angalawuleki.
Lungisa ubude beplathifomu yokukhipha kuze kufike lapho okuphansi kwesifanekiso sikude ngo-900mm ukusuka endizeni enomthelela.
——Isudikesi: yehlisa kanye ngayinye isibambo nezibambo eziseceleni zibheke phezulu;
——Isikhwama sokuhamba: Beka indawo engaphezulu efakwe induku yokudonsa kanye nesondo eligijimayo kanye (ivundlile kanye naqondile).
Ngemva kokuhlolwa, umzimba webhokisi, umlomo webhokisi, nohlaka lwelayini ngeke luqhekeke, futhi amazinyo avunyelwe;amasondo agijimayo, ama-ekseli, nabakaki ngeke kwephuke;igebe phakathi kwebhokisi elihambisanayo kanye nesembozo ngeke libe likhulu kuno-2mm, futhi igebe phakathi kwezihlanganisi zebhokisi lekhava ngeke libe likhulu kune-3mm;isondo eligijimayo lizozungeza I-Flexible, akukho ukukhululeka;izixhumi, izixhumi, nezingidi azikhubazeki, azixegi, noma azilimele;ibhokisi (iphakheji) izingidi zingavulwa kalula;akukho mifantu ebusweni bebhokisi (iphakheji).
5. Ukumelana nokucindezela okuqinile kwebhokisi eliqinile
Lala ibhokisi eliqinile elingenalutho, nendawo yokuhlola phezu kwebhokisi ibe ngama-20mm ukusuka ezinhlangothini ezine zebhokisi.Beka izinto ezithwala imithwalo ngokulinganayo emthwalweni othile (ukuze yonke indawo yebhokisi igcizelelwe ngokulinganayo).Umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo webhokisi eliqinile elinezincazelo ze-535mm ~ 660mm (40±0.5) kg, ibhokisi eliqinile lika-685mm ~ 835mm lingathwala umthwalo we-(60±0.5) kg, futhi licindezelwe ngokuqhubekayo amahora ama-4.Ngemva kokuhlolwa, umzimba webhokisi nomlomo akuzange kukhubazeke noma kuqhekeke, igobolondo lebhokisi alizange ligoqeke, futhi lalivuleka futhi livaleke ngokujwayelekile.
6. Ukumelana komthelela webhokisi eliqinile lempahla eqinile kusuka kumabhola awelayo
Sebenzisa (4000±10)g isisindo sensimbi.Kwakungekho ukuqhekeka endaweni yebhokisi ngemuva kokuhlolwa.
7. Ukusebenza komthelela we-roller
I-roller yensimbi akufanele ifakwe i-cone.Ngemuva kokuthi isampula ibekwe ekamelweni lokushisa isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora elingu-1, ifakwe ngokuqondile ku-roller futhi ijikelezwe izikhathi ezingu-20 (ayisebenzi emabhokisini aqinile ensimbi).Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, ibhokisi, umlomo webhokisi, kanye ne-lining akuqhekeki, futhi ama-dents avunyelwe, futhi ifilimu ephikisana ne-scratch ebusweni bebhokisi ivunyelwe ukuba yonakaliswe;amasondo agijimayo, ama-ekseli, nabakaki akuphukanga;amasondo agijimayo ajikeleza ngokuguquguqukayo ngaphandle kokuxega;izinduku zokudonsa zidonswa kahle futhi ngaphandle kokuxega.Jamming;izixhumi, izixhumi, nezingidi akukhululekile;ibhokisi (iphakheji) izingidi zingavulwa kalula;ubude bekhefu elilodwa lamazinyo ebhokisi elithambile kanye namapheshana akumele kube ngaphezu kwama-25mm.
8. Ukuqina kwebhokisi (isikhwama) sokukhiya
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko ze-Athikili 2, 3, 4, kanye no-7 ngenhla, ukuqina kwesikhiya somthwalo womkhiqizo kuzohlolwa mathupha.Ukuvula nokuvala kuzobalwa njengesikhathi esisodwa.
——Ilokhi yephasiwedi yemishini: Setha igama-mfihlo ngokudayela isondo lephasiwedi ngesandla, bese usebenzisa igama-mfihlo elimisiwe ukuze uvule futhi uvale ilokhi yephasiwedi.Hlanganisa amadijithi ngokuthanda kwakho, bese uvivinya uvule noma uvale izikhathi eziyi-100 ngokulandelanayo.
——Ilokhi yokhiye: Bamba ukhiye ngesandla sakho bese uwufaka endaweni yokhiye yesilinda sokukhiya ukuze uvule futhi uvale ilokhi.
——Okhiye abafakwe ikhodi ye-elekthronikhi: sebenzisa okhiye be-electronic ukuvula nokuvala izingidi.
——Ilokhi eyinhlanganisela yemishini iyavulwa futhi ihlolwe nganoma yimaphi amasethi ayi-10 ahlukene wamakhodi adukile;ukhiye wokhiye nokukhiya okufakwe ikhodi ye-elekthronikhi kuyavulwa futhi kuhlolwe izikhathi eziyi-10 ngokhiye ongaqondile.
Ilokhi yebhokisi (isikhwama) ingavulwa futhi ivalwe ngokujwayelekile, kungabikho okungavamile.
9. Ibhokisi ubulukhuni bomlomo we-aluminium
Hhayi ngaphansi kuka-40HWB.
10. Amandla e-Suture
Sika isampula yendwangu ethungiwe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yendawo eyinhloko yokuthunga yebhokisi elithambile noma isikhwama sohambo.Indawo esebenzayo ingu (100±2) mm × (30±1) mm [ubude bomugqa wokuthunga (100±2) mm, umugqa we-suture Ububanzi bendwangu ezinhlangothini zombili buyi-(30±1) mm], izinsimbi ezingenhla nezingezansi abe nobubanzi bokubamba obungu-(50±1) mm, kanye nesikhala esingu-(20±1) mm.Ihlolwe ngomshini oqinile, isivinini sokunwebeka singu-(100±10) mm/min.Kuze kube yilapho intambo noma indwangu iphukile, inani eliphezulu eliboniswa umshini oqinile amandla okuthunga.Uma inani eliboniswa umshini we-tensile lidlula inani elishiwo lamandla okuthunga futhi isampula lingaphuli, ukuhlolwa kunganqanyulwa.
Qaphela: Lapho ulungisa isampula, zama ukugcina indawo emaphakathi yomugqa we-suture wesampula phakathi nendawo yamaphethelo okubamba angaphezulu naphansi.
Amandla okuthunga phakathi kwezinto ezingaphezulu zamabhokisi athambile nezikhwama zokuhamba akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-240N endaweni esebenzayo engu-100mm×30mm.
11. Ukushesha kombala ekuhlikihleni izindwangu zezikhwama zokuhamba
11.1 Ngesikhumba esinogqinsi olunamanzi olungaphansi noma olulingana no-20 μm, ukuhlikihlwa okomile ≥ 3 nokuhlikihlwa okumanzi ≥ 2/3.
11.2 Isikhumba se-Suede, ukuhlikihla okomile ≥ 3, ukuhlikihla okumanzi ≥ 2.
11.2 Ngesikhumba esinogqinsi olungaphezulu kuka-20 μm, ukuhlikihlwa okomile ≥ 3/4 nokuhlikihlwa okumanzi ≥ 3.
11.3 Isikhumba sokwenziwa/isikhumba sokwenziwa, isikhumba esivuselelwe, ukuhlikihla okomile ≥ 3/4, ukuhlikihlwa okumanzi ≥ 3.
11.4 Izindwangu, i-microfiber engagcotshiwe, idenim: ukusula okomile ≥ 3, ukusula okumanzi akuhloliwe;abanye: sula omile ≥ 3/4, sula okumanzi ≥ 2/3.
12. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwezesekeli zehadiwe
Ngokwemithethonqubo (ngaphandle kwama-tie rods, ama-rivets, nezinto zamaketanga ensimbi), ikhanda leziphu lithola kuphela ithebhu yokudonsa, futhi isikhathi sokuhlola amahora angu-16.Inombolo yamaphuzu okugqwala akumele idlule ku-3, futhi indawo yephoyinti lokugqwala elilodwa akufanele idlule ku-1mm2.
Qaphela: i-Metal hard case nezikhwama zokuhamba azihloliwe kule nto.
b Ayifanele izinto zesitayela esikhethekile.
c Izinhlobo zesikhumba ezijwayelekile ezinogqinsi olungaphansi noma olulingana no-20 μm zifaka isikhumba esidaywe ngamanzi, isikhumba se-aniline, isikhumba se-semi-aniline, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-08-2023