Kugenzura VS Ikizamini
Kumenya nigikorwa cya tekiniki yo kumenya kimwe cyangwa byinshi biranga ibicuruzwa runaka, inzira cyangwa serivisi ukurikije uburyo bwihariye.Kumenya birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mugusuzuma guhuza ibikorwa, aribwo buryo bwo kumenya ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byihariye.Igenzura risanzwe ririmo ingano, ibigize imiti, ihame ryamashanyarazi, imiterere yubukanishi, nibindi. Kwipimisha bikorwa ninzego zitandukanye, zirimo ibigo bya leta, ibigo by’amasomo n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, imiryango y’ubucuruzi n’inganda.
Ubugenzuzi bivuga isuzuma rihuye binyuze mu gupima, kwitegereza, gutahura cyangwa gupima.Hazabaho guhuzagurika hagati yo kwipimisha no kugenzura, kandi ibikorwa nkibi bikunze gukorwa numuryango umwe.Igenzura ahanini riterwa nubugenzuzi bugaragara, ariko birashobora no kubamo gutahura, mubisanzwe ukoresheje ibikoresho byoroshye, nkibipimo.Ubugenzuzi busanzwe bukorwa nabakozi batojwe cyane bakurikije inzira zifatika kandi zisanzwe, kandi ubugenzuzi busanzwe bushingiye kumyumvire ifatika nuburambe bwumugenzuzi.
01
Amagambo ateye urujijo
ISO 9000 VS ISO 9001
ISO9000 ntabwo yerekeza kubisanzwe, ahubwo ni itsinda ryibipimo.Umuryango ISO9000 wibipimo nigitekerezo cyashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bipimo ngenderwaho (ISO) mu 1994. Bivuga amahame mpuzamahanga yashyizweho na ISO / Tc176 (Komite tekinike ishinzwe imicungire y’ubuziranenge n’ubuziranenge bw’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge).
ISO9001 nimwe mubipimo ngenderwaho bya sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge yashyizwe mu muryango wa ISO9000.Byakoreshejwe mukugenzura ko ishyirahamwe rifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya nibisabwa n'amategeko agenga, hagamijwe kunoza ibyifuzo byabakiriya.Harimo amahame ane yibanze: sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge - ishingiro na terminologiya, sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge - ibisabwa, sisitemu yo gucunga neza - umurongo ngenderwaho wo kunoza imikorere, hamwe nubuyobozi bugenzura ubuziranenge n’ibidukikije.
Kumenyekanisha VS
Icyemezo bivuga ibikorwa byo gusuzuma ihuza aho urwego rwemeza rwemeza ko ibicuruzwa, serivisi na sisitemu yo gucunga byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa cyangwa ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki bijyanye.
Kwemererwa bivuga ibikorwa byo gusuzuma impamyabumenyi byemewe n’urwego rushinzwe kwemerera ubushobozi n’imyitozo y’urwego rwemeza, urwego rushinzwe ubugenzuzi, laboratoire n'abakozi bakora ibikorwa byo gusuzuma, kugenzura no gukora ibindi bikorwa.
CNAS VS CMA
CMA, mugufi kubushinwa bwemewe.Itegeko rya Metrology ya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa riteganya ko ikigo cy’ubugenzuzi bw’ibicuruzwa gitanga amakuru ya noteri kuri sosiyete kigomba gutsinda igenzura rya metero, ubushobozi bwo gupima n’isuzuma ryizewe n’ishami ry’ubuyobozi bwa metrologiya rya guverinoma y’abaturage cyangwa hejuru y’intara.Iri suzuma ryitwa icyemezo cya metrologiya.
Icyemezo cya Metrologiya ni uburyo bwo gusuzuma ku gahato ibigo by'ubugenzuzi (laboratoire) bitanga amakuru ya noteri kuri sosiyete binyuze mu mategeko ya metrologiya mu Bushinwa, ibyo bikaba byavugwa kandi ko ari leta yemewe na laboratoire na leta ifite imiterere y'Ubushinwa.Amakuru yatanzwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa byatsinze icyemezo cya metrologiya azakoreshwa mu gutanga ibyemezo by’ubucuruzi, gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa no gusuzuma ibyagezweho nk’amakuru ya noteri kandi bigira ingaruka ku mategeko.
CNAS: Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe kwemeza isuzumabumenyi (CNAS) ni ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwemerera cyashyizweho kandi kibyemerewe na komisiyo ishinzwe imiyoborere n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwemeza no kwemerera hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amabwiriza agenga Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ku bijyanye no gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera, abishinzwe. kugirango yemererwe inzego zemeza, laboratoire, ibigo byubugenzuzi nibindi bigo bireba.
Kwemerera laboratoire kubushake kandi ubigiramo uruhare.Ibipimo byemewe bihwanye na iso / iec17025: 2005.Hariho amasezerano yo kumenyekanisha yashyizweho umukono na ILAC nandi mashyirahamwe mpuzamahanga y’ubufatanye muri laboratoire yo kumenyekanisha.
Ubugenzuzi bwimbere vs ubugenzuzi bwo hanze
Igenzura ryimbere mu gihugu ni ugutezimbere imiyoborere yimbere, guteza imbere ireme ryiza ufata ingamba zijyanye no gukosora no gukumira ibibazo byabonetse, ubugenzuzi bwimbere bwikigo, ubugenzuzi bwambere, ukareba uko sosiyete yawe ikora.
Ubugenzuzi bwo hanze busobanura ubugenzuzi bwikigo nisosiyete itanga ibyemezo, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwabandi kugirango barebe niba isosiyete ikora ikurikije sisitemu isanzwe, kandi niba icyemezo cyicyemezo gishobora gutangwa.
02
Amagambo akoreshwa cyane
1. Ikigo cyemeza: bivuga ikigo cyemejwe n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura no gutanga impamyabumenyi n’ishami ry’imiyoborere y’Inama y’igihugu, kandi rikaba ryarabonye impamyabumenyi yemewe n’amategeko, kandi rishobora gukora ibikorwa byemeza ibyemezo byemewe.
2. Ubugenzuzi: bivuga inzira itunganijwe, yigenga kandi yanditse kugirango ubone ibimenyetso byubugenzuzi no kubisuzuma neza kugirango umenye urwego rwujuje ibipimo byubugenzuzi.
3. Umugenzuzi w'imari: bivuga umuntu ufite ubushobozi bwo gukora igenzura.
4. Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura no gutanga ibyemezo by’ibanze bivuga ikigo cy’ubugenzuzi bw’imyororokere n’ibisohoka byashyizweho n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge na tekiniki ya guverinoma y’abaturage y’intara, akarere kigenga na komine iyobowe na guverinoma nkuru n’ubugenzuzi bw’ubuziranenge, ishami rishinzwe kugenzura no gushyira mu kato Inama y’igihugu yemerewe n’ishami ry’igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura no kwemeza.
5. Icyemezo cya CCC: bivuga icyemezo cyibicuruzwa byemewe.
6. Gutanga ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga: bivuga ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda yo gutanga amagara y’ubuzima na Leta ku nganda zikora mu gutunganya, gutunganya no guhunika ibiribwa byoherezwa mu mahanga (bivuze ko ari inganda zitanga ibiribwa byoherezwa mu mahanga) hakurikijwe ibisabwa n’amategeko agenga umutekano w’ibiribwa; .Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera (aha ni ukuvuga Ubuyobozi bushinzwe gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera) gishinzwe imirimo y’ubuzima bw’inganda z’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu mahanga.Ibigo byose bitanga, bitunganya kandi bikabika ibiribwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku butaka bwa Repubulika y’Ubushinwa bigomba kubona icyemezo cy’ubuzima mbere yo gutanga, gutunganya no kubika ibiribwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
7. Icyifuzo cyo hanze: bivuga ko nyuma y’uruganda rutunganya ibiribwa byoherezwa mu mahanga rusaba kwandikisha ubuzima bw’amahanga rwatsinze isuzuma n’ubugenzuzi bw’ibiro byinjira n’ibisohoka n’ibiro bya karantine mu bubasha bwarwo, ubugenzuzi bw’ibisohoka n’ibiro by’akato bizatanga ikigo cy’ikigo. gusaba ibikoresho byo kwandikisha ubuzima bw’amahanga mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera (nyuma bikitwa Ubuyobozi bushinzwe gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera), kandi komisiyo ishinzwe kwemeza no kwemeza izagenzura ko yujuje ibisabwa, CNCA (mu izina rya “Icyemezo cy’igihugu na Ubuyobozi bushinzwe kwemerera Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ”) burasaba abayobozi bose babishoboye ibihugu cyangwa uturere bireba.
8. Kwiyandikisha mu mahanga bivuga gutanga no gushyira mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro Amabwiriza yerekeye iyandikwa n’imicungire y’inganda ziva mu mahanga z’ibiribwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu 2002, zikoreshwa mu iyandikwa n’imicungire y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, gutunganya no kubika ibicuruzwa (aha bivuzwe haruguru) inganda ziva mu mahanga) kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa.Inganda z’amahanga zohereza ibicuruzwa muri Cataloge mu Bushinwa zigomba gusaba kwiyandikisha mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwemeza no kwemerera.Ibiribwa by’abakora mu mahanga batiyandikishije ntibishobora gutumizwa mu mahanga.
9. HACCP: Isesengura ryibyago hamwe ningingo ikomeye yo kugenzura.HACCP nihame shingiro riyobora ibigo byibiribwa gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibiribwa, bushimangira gukumira ingaruka aho gushingira ku kugenzura ibicuruzwa byanyuma.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibiribwa ishingiye kuri HACCP yitwa sisitemu ya HACCP.Nuburyo bwo kumenya, gusuzuma no kugenzura ingaruka zikomeye z’umutekano w’ibiribwa.
10 Agriculture Ubuhinzi-mwimerere: bivuga “Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bimwe na bimwe by’ubuhinzi-mwimerere, ntabwo dukoresha ibinyabuzima n’ibicuruzwa byabonywe n’ubuhanga bw’ingirabuzima fatizo mu musaruro, ntidukoresha imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko, ifumbire, imiti ikura, inyongeramusaruro n’ibindi bintu, gukurikiza amategeko karemano n’amahame y’ibidukikije, guhuza uburinganire hagati y’ibihingwa n’ubuhinzi bw’amafi, kandi ugakoresha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga rirambye ry’ubuhinzi kugira ngo habeho gahunda y’ubuhinzi irambye kandi ihamye.Ubushinwa bufite igipimo cyigihugu cyibicuruzwa kama (GB / T19630-2005) byatanzwe.
11. Icyemezo cyibicuruzwa kama: bivuga ibikorwa byinzego zemeza ibyemezo kugirango hasuzumwe umusaruro nogutunganya ibicuruzwa kama nkurikije ingamba zubutegetsi bwo kwemeza ibicuruzwa kama (Iteka rya AQSIQ [2004] No 67) nibindi byemezo byemeza, hamwe na garagaza ko byujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu cyibicuruzwa kama.
12. Ibicuruzwa kama: bivuga ibicuruzwa byakozwe, bitunganywa kandi bigurishwa hakurikijwe amahame yigihugu kubicuruzwa kama kandi byemejwe ninzego zemewe.
13. Ibiribwa bibisi: bivuga ibiryo byatewe, bihingwa, bigashyirwa hamwe n’ifumbire mvaruganda, kandi bigatunganywa kandi bigakorerwa munsi y’ibidukikije bisanzwe, ikoranabuhanga ry’umusaruro, hamwe n’ubuziranenge bw’ubuzima bidafite uburozi bukabije n’imiti yica udukoko twangiza cyane mu bihe bitarangwamo umwanda, kandi byemejwe ninzego zibishinzwe zifite ikirango kibisi.(Icyemezo gishingiye ku gipimo nganda cya Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi.)
14 yemerewe gukoresha ikirango cyibicuruzwa byubuhinzi bidafite umwanda.
15. Icyemezo cya sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa: bivuga gukurikiza ihame rya HACCP muri sisitemu yose ya sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa, nayo ihuza ibisabwa bijyanye na sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge, ikanayobora byimazeyo imikorere, ingwate no gusuzuma gucunga umutekano w'ibiribwa.Dukurikije Amategeko yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Icyemezo cya Sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa, urwego rushinzwe gutanga ibyemezo rukora ibikorwa byo gusuzuma ibyangombwa by’inganda zikora ibiribwa hakurikijwe GB / T22000 “Sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa - Ibisabwa ku mashyirahamwe atandukanye mu ruhererekane rw’ibiribwa” kandi bidasanzwe ibisabwa bya tekiniki, aribyo bita sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa (icyemezo cya FSMS mugihe gito).
16. GAP - Uburyo bwiza bwo guhinga: Bivuga ikoreshwa ryubumenyi bugezweho bwubuhinzi kugirango bugenzure siyanse mu bice byose by’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, kandi biteze imbere iterambere rirambye ry’ubuhinzi mu gihe hubahirizwa ubuziranenge n’umutekano by’ibikomoka ku buhinzi.
17. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora: nko kugenzura umusaruro no gutunganya, gupakira, kubika, gukwirakwiza, isuku y abakozi n’amahugurwa, nibindi) ibicuruzwa bigomba kugira kubyara umusaruro no kubitunganya, no gushyira mubikorwa imiyoborere yubumenyi no gukurikirana byimazeyo mubikorwa byose.Ibikubiye muri GMP nuburyo bwibanze ibigo bitunganya ibiribwa bigomba kuba byujuje, nibisabwa kugirango dutezimbere kandi dushyire mubikorwa ubundi buryo bwo kwihaza mu biribwa no gucunga neza ubuziranenge.
18. Icyemezo cyisoko ryicyatsi: bivuga gusuzuma no kwemeza ibidukikije byogucuruza no kugurisha ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho (kwerekana ibicuruzwa, gutahura, gutunganya) ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge no gucunga, no kubungabunga ibicuruzwa, kubungabunga, gupakira, gucunga isuku, ibiryo ku rubuga. gutunganya, inguzanyo ku isoko nibindi bikoresho bya serivisi nuburyo bukoreshwa.
19. Impamyabushobozi ya laboratoire n'ibigo by'ubugenzuzi: bivuga imiterere n'ubushobozi laboratoire n'ibigo by'ubugenzuzi bitanga amakuru n'ibisubizo bishobora kwerekana umuryango ugomba kugira.
20. Kwemeza laboratoire n'ibigo by'ubugenzuzi: bivuga ibikorwa byo gusuzuma no kumenyekanisha bikorwa n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe gutanga impamyabumenyi no kwemerera hamwe n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge na tekinike bya guverinoma z'abaturage b'intara, uturere twigenga ndetse n'amakomine munsi ya Guverinoma yo hagati niba ibintu by'ibanze n'ubushobozi bya laboratoire n'ibigo by'ubugenzuzi byubahiriza amategeko, amabwiriza y'ubuyobozi n'ibisobanuro bya tekiniki cyangwa ibipimo bijyanye.
21. Icyemezo cya Metrologiya: Bivuga gusuzuma isuzumabumenyi rya metrologiya, imikorere yimikorere yibikoresho bipimisha, ibidukikije bikora hamwe nubuhanga bwo gukora bwabakozi, hamwe nubushobozi bwa sisitemu yubuziranenge kugirango hamenyekane indangagaciro zipima kandi zuzuye za ibigo bigenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bitanga amakuru meza muri societe nubuyobozi bwigihugu bushinzwe kwemeza hamwe n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibanze hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko abigenga n’ubuyobozi, ndetse n’ubushobozi bwa sisitemu y’ubuziranenge kugira ngo ibizamini biboneye kandi byizewe amakuru.
22. Gusubiramo no kwemeza (kwemerwa): bivuga isuzuma ryubushobozi bwubugenzuzi na sisitemu yubuziranenge yinzego zubugenzuzi zikora umurimo wo kugenzura niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe ninshingano yo kugenzura no kugenzura ibindi bipimo n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwemeza; n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibanze hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko abigenga.
23. Kugenzura ubushobozi bwa laboratoire: Bivuga kugena ubushobozi bwo gupima laboratoire ugereranije na laboratoire.
24. Amasezerano yo kumenyekanisha ubwumvikane (MRA): bivuga amasezerano yo kumenyekanisha hagati yashyizweho umukono na guverinoma zombi cyangwa ibigo bishinzwe isuzuma ry’ibisubizo ku bisubizo byihariye byo gusuzuma no kwemeza ibisubizo by’isuzumabumenyi ry’ibigo by’isuzumabumenyi bihuye neza n’amasezerano.
03
Amagambo ajyanye no kwemeza ibicuruzwa no gutunganya
1. Umukiriya usaba / icyemezo: amoko yose yanditswe yanditswe mubuyobozi bushinzwe inganda nubucuruzi no kubona impushya zubucuruzi hakurikijwe amategeko, harimo amoko yose afite ubuzimagatozi, kimwe nandi mashyirahamwe yashizweho byemewe n'amategeko, afite gahunda runaka imiterere n'umutungo, ariko ntibifite ubuzimagatozi, nkibigo byigenga byonyine, ibigo byubufatanye, imishinga ihuriweho n’ubufatanye, imishinga y’amakoperative y’Abashinwa n’amahanga, imishinga ikora n’inganda zatewe inkunga n’amahanga zidafite ubuzimagatozi, Amashami yashizweho kandi abiherewe uburenganzira n’abanyamategeko. n'ubucuruzi ku giti cye.Icyitonderwa: Usaba kuba uruhushya nyuma yo kubona icyemezo.
2. Uwakoze / utanga ibicuruzwa: umuryango wemewe numuntu uherereye ahantu hamwe cyangwa henshi hashyizweho ukora cyangwa kugenzura igishushanyo mbonera, gukora, gusuzuma, kuvura no kubika ibicuruzwa, kugirango bibe inshingano zo kubahiriza ibicuruzwa bihoraho bijyanye ibisabwa, kandi ufate inshingano zuzuye muri izo ngingo.
3. Inganda (ahakorerwa ibicuruzwa) / uruganda rukora inganda: ahakorerwa inteko ya nyuma na / cyangwa ikizamini cyibicuruzwa byemejwe, kandi ibimenyetso byemeza hamwe n’ibigo byemeza ibyemezo bikoreshwa mugushira mubikorwa kubakurikirana.Icyitonderwa: Muri rusange, uwabikoze agomba kuba ahantu hateranira bwa nyuma, kugenzura bisanzwe, kugenzura ibyemezo (niba bihari), gupakira, no gushyiramo icyapa cyapa nibimenyetso byemeza.Iyo inzira zavuzwe haruguru zidashobora kurangizwa ahantu hamwe, ahantu hasa neza harimo byibuze bisanzwe, kugenzura ibyemezo (niba bihari), icyapa cyerekana ibicuruzwa nibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bizatoranywa kugirango bigenzurwe, kandi uburenganzira bwo gukomeza kugenzurwa ahandi hantu kubikwa.
4. Uruganda rwa OEM (Umwimerere wibikoresho byumwimerere): uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa byemejwe ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, kugenzura ibikorwa no kugenzura ibisabwa bitangwa nabakiriya.Icyitonderwa: Umukiriya arashobora kuba usaba cyangwa uwabikoze.Uruganda rwa OEM rutanga ibicuruzwa byemewe munsi yibikoresho byuruganda rwa OEM ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, kugenzura ibikorwa no kugenzura bitangwa nabakiriya.Ibirango byabasabye / ababikora batandukanye barashobora gukoreshwa.Abakiriya batandukanye na OEM bagomba kugenzurwa ukundi.Ibigize sisitemu ntibishobora kugenzurwa inshuro nyinshi, ariko kugenzura ibikorwa byumusaruro no kugenzura ibicuruzwa nibigenzurwa nibicuruzwa ntibishobora gusonerwa.
5. Uruganda rwa ODM (Original Design Manufacturer): uruganda rutegura, rutunganya kandi rukabyara ibicuruzwa bimwe kubakora uruganda rumwe cyangwa benshi ukoresheje ibisabwa byubushobozi bwubuziranenge bumwe, igishushanyo mbonera kimwe, kugenzura ibicuruzwa no kugenzura.
6. Icyemezo cya mbere cya ODM ufite icyemezo: ishyirahamwe rifite ibicuruzwa bya ODM icyemezo cyambere cyibicuruzwa.1.7 Ishirahamwe utanga isoko ritanga ibice, ibice nibikoresho fatizo kugirango uruganda rukore ibicuruzwa byemewe.Icyitonderwa: Mugihe usaba ibyemezo, niba utanga isoko ari umucuruzi / ugurisha, uwakoze cyangwa uwakoze ibice, ibice nibikoresho fatizo nabyo bigomba gutomorwa.
04
Amagambo ajyanye no kwemeza ibicuruzwa no gutunganya
1. Porogaramu nshya: ibyifuzo byose byemeza usibye guhindura gusaba no gusubiramo gusaba ni porogaramu nshya.
2. Gusaba kwagura: usaba, uwabikoze nuwabikoze yamaze kubona icyemezo cyibicuruzwa, hamwe no gusaba kwemeza ibicuruzwa bishya byubwoko bumwe.Icyitonderwa: Ibicuruzwa bisa bivuga ibicuruzwa biri murwego rwo gusobanura kode imwe.
3. Gusaba kwagura: usaba, uwabikoze nuwabikoze yamaze kubona ibyemezo byibicuruzwa, hamwe no gusaba kwemeza ibicuruzwa bishya byubwoko butandukanye.Icyitonderwa: Ubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa bivuga ibicuruzwa murwego rwimikorere itandukanye yinganda.
4. Porogaramu yuburyo bwa ODM: gusaba muburyo bwa ODM.Uburyo bwa ODM, ni ukuvuga, abakora ODM bashushanya, batunganya kandi bagatanga ibicuruzwa kubabikora hakurikijwe amasezerano abigenga hamwe nizindi nyandiko.
5. Hindura porogaramu: porogaramu yakozwe na nyirayo kugirango uhindure amakuru yicyemezo, ishyirahamwe kandi birashoboka ko bigira ingaruka kubicuruzwa.
6. Gusaba gusubiramo: mbere yuko icyemezo kirangira, niba nyirubwite akeneye gukomeza gufata icyemezo, azongera gusaba ibicuruzwa hamwe nicyemezo.Icyitonderwa: Gusaba gusubirwamo bigomba gutangwa mbere yuko icyemezo kirangira, kandi icyemezo gishya gitangwa mbere yuko icyemezo kirangira, bitabaye ibyo bizafatwa nkibisabwa bishya.
7. Igenzura ridasanzwe ryuruganda: kubera uruzinduko rurerure cyangwa izindi mpamvu, uruganda rusaba kandi rwemejwe ninzego zibishinzwe, ariko ikizamini cyemewe cyibicuruzwa byasabye icyemezo nticyarangiye.
05
Amagambo ajyanye no kwipimisha
1. Kugenzura ibicuruzwa / ubwoko bwibizamini: igenzura ryibicuruzwa bivuga ihuriro muri sisitemu yo kwemeza ibicuruzwa kugirango umenye ibiranga ibicuruzwa ukoresheje ibizamini, harimo ibisabwa byintangarugero nibisabwa byo gusuzuma.Ikizamini cyubwoko bwibicuruzwa nugusuzuma niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byose mubipimo byibicuruzwa.Kugenzura ibicuruzwa muri rusange birimo ikizamini cyubwoko bwibicuruzwa;Mu buryo bugufi, kugenzura ibicuruzwa bivuga ikizamini cyakozwe ukurikije ibipimo bimwe na bimwe byerekana ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibipimo biranga ibicuruzwa.Kugeza ubu, ibizamini bishingiye ku bipimo by’umutekano wibicuruzwa nabyo bisobanurwa nkibizamini byubwoko bwibicuruzwa.
2. Kugenzura inzira / kugenzura inzira: Igenzura ryinzira ni igenzura 100% ryibicuruzwa kumurongo wibyakozwe mugihe cyanyuma cyibikorwa.Mubisanzwe, nyuma yubugenzuzi, ntayindi gutunganya isabwa usibye gupakira no kuranga.Icyitonderwa: Igenzura risanzwe rishobora gukorwa nuburyo buhwanye kandi bwihuse bwagenwe nyuma yo kugenzura.
Igenzura ryibikorwa bivuga kugenzura ingingo yambere, ibicuruzwa byarangije igice cyangwa inzira yingenzi mubikorwa byumusaruro, bishobora kugenzurwa 100% cyangwa kugenzura icyitegererezo.Igenzura ryibikorwa rirakoreshwa mubicuruzwa bitunganijwe, kandi ijambo "kugenzura inzira" naryo rikoreshwa mubisanzwe.
3. Igenzura ryemeza / kugenzura: kugenzura kwemeza ni ubugenzuzi bwikitegererezo kugirango hamenyekane ko ibicuruzwa bikomeje kubahiriza ibisabwa bisanzwe.Ikizamini cyo kwemeza kizakorwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwerekanwe mubisanzwe.Icyitonderwa: Niba uwabikoze adafite ibikoresho byo gupima, igenzura ryemeza rishobora gushingwa laboratoire ibishoboye.
Igenzura ryahoze ari uruganda nubugenzuzi bwa nyuma bwibicuruzwa iyo bavuye muruganda.Igenzura ryo gutanga rirakoreshwa mubicuruzwa bitunganya ibikoresho.Ijambo "kugenzura kugenzura" naryo rikoreshwa muri rusange.Igenzura ryo gutanga rigomba kurangizwa nuruganda.
4. Ikizamini cyagenwe: ikizamini cyakozwe nuwagikoze ahakorerwa ibicuruzwa ukurikije ibintu byatoranijwe nubugenzuzi ukurikije ibipimo (cyangwa amategeko yo gutanga ibyemezo) kugirango harebwe niba ibicuruzwa bihuye.
06
Amagambo ajyanye no kugenzura uruganda
1. Kugenzura uruganda: kugenzura ubushobozi bwubwishingizi bwuruganda hamwe nibicuruzwa byemewe.
2. Igenzura ryambere ryuruganda: ubugenzuzi bwuruganda rusaba ibyemezo mbere yo kubona icyemezo.
3. Kugenzura no kugenzura nyuma yo gutanga ibyemezo: Kugirango ibicuruzwa byemejwe bikomeze byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, hagenzurwa uruganda rusanzwe cyangwa rudasanzwe ku ruganda, kandi ubugenzuzi nubugenzuzi bukora ibikorwa byubugenzuzi bwuruganda kuri icyarimwe.
4. Ubugenzuzi busanzwe nubugenzuzi: kugenzura no kugenzura nyuma yicyemezo ukurikije ukwezi kugenzura kugenwa mumategeko yo gutanga ibyemezo.Mubisanzwe byitwa kugenzura no kugenzura.Ubugenzuzi bushobora gukorwa cyangwa utabanje kubimenyeshwa.
5. Igenzura ry'indege: uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugenzura bisanzwe, aribyo guha itsinda ryubugenzuzi kugera ahakorerwa ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza abigenga utabanje kubimenyesha uruhushya / uwabikoze mbere yo gukora ubugenzuzi nubugenzuzi bwuruganda na / cyangwa uruganda kugenzura no gutoranya ibigo byemewe.
6. Ubugenzuzi bwihariye nubugenzuzi: uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugenzura nyuma yo gutanga ibyemezo, aribyo kongera inshuro zo kugenzura no kugenzura no / cyangwa kugenzura uruganda no gutoranya uruganda hakurikijwe amategeko yo gutanga ibyemezo.Icyitonderwa: kugenzura no kugenzura bidasanzwe ntibishobora gusimbuza ubugenzuzi busanzwe.
07
Amagambo ajyanye no gusuzuma guhuza
1. Isuzumabumenyi: kugenzura / kugenzura ibicuruzwa byemejwe, gusuzuma ubushobozi bwubwishingizi bwubuziranenge bwuwabikoze no kugenzura ibicuruzwa bihuye ukurikije ibisabwa n'amategeko agenga ibyemezo.
2. Ubugenzuzi: mbere yicyemezo cyo kwemeza, wemeze byuzuye, ukuri nukuri guhuza amakuru yatanzwe kubisaba ibyemezo byibicuruzwa, ibikorwa byo gusuzuma no guhagarika, guhagarika, guhagarika no kugarura icyemezo cyicyemezo.
3. Icyemezo cyo gutanga ibyemezo: gusuzuma imikorere yibikorwa byo gutanga ibyemezo, hanyuma ufate umwanzuro wanyuma niba ugomba kubona ibyemezo no kwemeza, kubungabunga, guhagarika, guhagarika, gukuraho no kugarura icyemezo.
4. Isuzuma ryibanze: igice cyicyemezo cyo gutanga ibyemezo ni ukwemeza kuzuza, guhuza no gukora neza amakuru yatanzwe mugice cyanyuma cyibikorwa byo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa.
5
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-17-2023