Determination of product quality defects

Quality defects refer to situations where products, services or processes do not meet the specified requirements (such as standards, specifications, contracts, etc.).

There are various classification methods, and the common classifications are as follows:

I. Classification by the severity of defects

This is the most commonly used classification method, mainly based on the degree of impact of defects on product functions, safety, and user experience:

1. Critical Defect

Defects that may affect the safety of the wearer or do not comply with the laws of the country where the goods are used must be zero-tolerance.

For example, electrical products leak electricity, etc.

2. Major Defect

Defects that affect the realization of the main functions of the product or significantly reduce the use value, but do not directly endanger safety.

For example, large-scale open lines on clothing (affecting wearing), dimensional deviations of mechanical parts leading to assembly difficulties, etc.

3. Minor Defect

Defects that do not affect the core functions and safety of the product, and only have flaws in appearance and details.

For example, there are slight scratches on the surface of the product, etc.

II. How to judge quality defects?

The core of judging quality defects is to compare the actual state of the product with the judgment standard. If it does not meet the standard, it is considered a defect.

The specific steps and basis are as follows:

Clear judgment criteria:

1. Legal standards: national/industry mandatory standards (such as GB standards for food safety, IEC standards for electrical safety);

2. Contractual agreements: quality terms clearly defined by both the supply and demand parties in the contract (such as dimensional tolerances, performance parameters);

3. Internal enterprise standards: internal control indicators formulated by the enterprise (such as product appearance inspection details).

III. Judgment process (taking manufacturing as an example)

1. Sampling or full inspection: select sampling (such as AQL sampling standards) or full inspection according to the importance of the product;

2. Item-by-item comparison: test indicators such as function, safety, performance, and appearance according to the standards;

3. Record deviations: record items that do not meet the requirements in detail (such as defect location and degree);

4. Grading judgment: classify according to severity (fatal/serious/minor, etc.), and decide on the treatment method (rework, scrap, etc.).

The classification of quality defects needs to be combined with dimensions such as severity and nature, and the key to judgment is to compare the actual status with clear standards.

Clear standards, scientific testing, and graded treatment are the core logic for effective management of quality defects.