Malinga ndi CNN, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe anakhudzidwa ndi moto wa nyumba ya Bronx ku New York City Meya Eric Adams pa January 9, nthawi yapafupi, anali 17, kuphatikizapo akuluakulu 9.ndipo ana a 8 adanena kuti malinga ndi umboni pazochitikazo ndi umboni wowona ndi maso, poyamba adatsimikiza kuti motowo unayambitsidwa ndi wokhalamo pogwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera "chosagwira ntchito" m'chipinda chogona.
Mulingo wovomerezeka wadziko lathu pazofunikira zapadera zotetezera m'nyumba zanyumba ndi zolinga zofananira ndizofanana ndi IEC 60335-2-30: 2004, zomwe zimapanga zofunikira zofananira pazowotchera magetsi.
Kuyang'anira chotenthetsera chamagetsi
1. Chitetezo ku kukhudzana ndi ziwalo zamoyo
2. Mphamvu zolowetsa ndi zamakono
3. Kutentha thupi
4. Kutaya mphamvu zamakono ndi magetsi pa kutentha kwa ntchito
5. Kuchuluka kwamagetsi kwakanthawi
6. Kusamva chinyezi
7. Kutaya mphamvu zamakono ndi magetsi
8. Kutetezedwa mochulukira kwa ma transformer ndi mabwalo okhudzana nawo
9. Kukhazikika ndi zoopsa zamakina
10. Mphamvu zamakina
11. Mawaya amkati
12. Njira zoyatsira pansi
13. Clearances, creepage distances ndi kutchinjiriza olimba
14. Kusamva kutentha ndi moto
1.Kuteteza kukhudzana ndi magawo amoyo
Kumanga ndi kutsekeka kwa chipangizocho kudzapereka chitetezo chokwanira kuti musagwirizane mwangozi ndi ziwalo zamoyo.
2.Kulowetsa mphamvu ndi zamakono
Ngati chipangizocho chili ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi ya chipangizocho sichingapatuke pamagetsi ovotera podutsa mopotoka patebulo ili pansipa pa kutentha kwanthawi zonse.
Ngati chipangizocho chili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, kutentha kwanthawi zonse sikungachoke pamtengo wopitilira muyeso womwe waperekedwa patebulo pansipa.
3. Kutentha thupi
Pogwiritsa ntchito bwino, chipangizocho ndi malo ozungulira sayenera kutentha kwambiri.
4. Kutaya mphamvu zamakono ndi magetsi pa kutentha kwa ntchito
4.1 Pa kutentha kwa ntchito, kutayikira kwa chipangizochi sikuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo, ndipo mphamvu yake yamagetsi iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira.Zida zotenthetsera zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito nthawi 1.15 kuposa mphamvu yolowera.Zida zamagetsi ndi zida zophatikizira zimayendetsedwa ndi 1.06 kuchulukitsa mphamvu yamagetsi.Malangizo oyika akuwonetsa kuti zida zamagawo atatu kuchokera pagawo limodzi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndipo mabwalo atatu olumikizidwa molumikizana akhoza kuyesedwa ngati zida zagawo limodzi.Lumikizani zosefera zoteteza ndi zosokoneza pa wailesi musanayese izi.
Chidacho chikapitilira kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali yofananira ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, kutayikira kwapano sikuyenera kupitilira izi:
- 0.25 mA pazida zamagetsi za Gulu II
－0.5mA ya Class 0, OI ndi zida zamagetsi
- 0.75 mA pazida zam'manja za Class I
- 3.5mA pazida zamagetsi za Class I
- Pazida zamagetsi zosasunthika za Class I, 0.75mA kapena 0.75 mA/kW (mphamvu yolowera pa chipangizocho), chilichonse chomwe chili chachikulu, koma chopambana ndi 5mA
Kwa zida zophatikizika, kutayikira kwanthawi zonse kumatha kukhala mkati mwa malire omwe amaperekedwa kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi kapena zida zamagetsi, chilichonse chomwe chili chachikulu, koma malire awiriwo sangathe kuwonjezeredwa.
5. Transient overvoltage
Chipangizocho chikhoza kupirira kupitirira kwanthawi kochepa komwe kungapangidwe.Dziwani ngati ili yoyenera poyesa kuyesa kwamagetsi pamtundu uliwonse wocheperako kuposa mtengo womwe wafotokozedwa patebulo pansipa.
6. Kusamva chinyezi
Zotsekera zida zamagetsi zipereka mulingo woyenera woletsa madzi.
7. Kutaya mphamvu zamakono ndi magetsi
Kutulutsa kwamagetsi kwa chipangizocho sikuyenera kukhala kopitilira muyeso, ndipo mphamvu yake yamagetsi iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Mpweya woyeserera wa AC umayikidwa pakati pa magawo amoyo ndi zitsulo zopezeka zolumikizidwa ndi zojambula zachitsulo.Dera la chojambula cholumikizidwa chachitsulo sichidutsa 20cmx10cm, ndipo limalumikizana ndi malo ofikira azinthu zoteteza.
Mphamvu yoyesera:
- Pazida zagawo limodzi, 1.06 kuwirikiza mphamvu yamagetsi;
- Pazida zamagawo atatu, 1.06 nthawi yamagetsi ovotera ogawidwa ndi /3.
Pakadutsa masekondi 5 mutagwiritsa ntchito voteji yoyeserera, yesani kutayikira kwapano.
Kutayikira kwapano sikuyenera kupitilira izi:
- Pazida za Gulu II: 0.25 mA
- Pazida za Class 0, Class 0I ndi Sichuan Class: 0.5mA
- Pazida zonyamula za Class I: 0.75mA
- Pazida zamagetsi za Class I: 3.5mA
- Pazida zamagetsi zosasunthika za Class I: 0.75mA kapena 0.75mA/kW (mphamvu yolowera ya chipangizocho), chilichonse chachikulu,
Koma kuchuluka kwake ndi 5mA.
Ngati olamulira onse ali ndi malo otseguka m'mitengo yonse, mtengo womwe watchulidwa pamwamba pa malire omwe akutuluka akuwonjezeka kawiri.Mulingo wapano wakutayikira womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa uwonjezedwanso ngati:
- Pali chowotcha chimodzi chokha chotenthetsera pazida ndipo palibe zowongolera zina, kapena
- Ma thermostats onse, zochepetsera kutentha ndi zowongolera mphamvu alibe malo, kapena
-Chidacho chili ndi fyuluta yosokoneza wailesi.Pachifukwa ichi, kutayikira kwapano pakuchotsa fyuluta sikuyenera kupitirira malire omwe atchulidwa.
Kwa zida zophatikizika, kutayikira kwanthawi zonse kumatha kukhala m'malire a zida zamagetsi zamagetsi kapena zida zamagetsi, zomwe zili malire akulu, koma malire awiriwo sangathe kuwonjezeredwa palimodzi.
Pambuyo pa mayeso omwe ali pamwambapa, kusungunula kumayikidwa pamagetsi a sinusoidal wave ndi pafupipafupi 50 Hz kapena 60 Hz kwa mphindi 1. Gome lotsatirali limapereka
Ma voliyumu oyeserera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulation amaperekedwa.Magawo ofikira azinthu zotsekemera ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi zojambula zachitsulo.
8. Kutetezedwa mochulukira kwa ma transformer ndi mabwalo okhudzana nawo
Zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi dera loyendetsedwa ndi thiransifoma zidzamangidwa m'njira yoti kutentha kwapamwamba kusanachitike mu thiransifoma kapena mabwalo okhudzana ndi thiransifoma pamene kuyendayenda kwachidule kungachitike pakagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.
Kutsatira kumatsimikiziridwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito zovuta zazifupi kapena zochulukira zomwe zitha kuchitika pakagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi 1.06 nthawi kapena 0.94 nthawi yamagetsi ovotera, zilizonse zomwe sizili bwino.Mtengo wokwera wa kutentha kwa mawaya otchingira mawaya muchitetezo chamagetsi owonjezera otsika sayenera kupitilira 15K pamtengo womwe wafotokozedwa mu Gulu 3.
9. Kukhazikika ndi zoopsa zamakina
Zotenthetsera zam'manja ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika mokwanira.Ma heater okhala ndi sockets ayenera kukhala ndi chingwe cholumikizira.Ikani chotenthetsera pakona ya 15 ° kupita kopingasa pamalo osayenera kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino.Chotenthetsera sichiyenera kupitirira.
Chotenthetsera chokhala ndi misa yopitilira 5 kg chimayikidwa pamtunda wopingasa ndipo mphamvu ya 5N + - 0.1N imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa chowotchera m'njira yopingasa kwambiri.Chotenthetsera chamagetsi sichiyenera kupitilira.
10. Mphamvu zamakina
Zipangizozi ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zamakina ndipo ziyenera kumangidwa kuti zisawonongeke komanso kugwiridwa komwe kungathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.Gwiritsani ntchito spring impactor kuti muyese kuyesa kwa chipangizocho.Chipangizocho chimakhala chokhazikika ndipo mphamvu ya 0.5J imakhudzidwa katatu pamalo aliwonse ofooka a chipolopolo cha chipangizocho.
Kwa ma heaters omwe zinthu zawo zotenthetsera zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi gulu lagalasi, chopondera cha masika chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhudza gululo, ndipo mphamvu yake ndi 2 J.
Zotenthetsera zowoneka bwino zotulutsa, kupatula zomwe zimayikidwa pamalo apamwamba, ziyenera kuyikidwa kuti gawo lapakati la chivundikiro chachitetezo chamoto likhale lopingasa.Ikani kulemera kwapansi-pansi ndi kulemera kwa 5 kg ndi m'mimba mwake 100 mm pakati pa chivundikiro chotetezera moto kwa 1 min.Pambuyo pa kuyesedwa, chivundikiro chotetezera moto sichidzawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kosatha.
11. Mawaya amkati
Njira zodutsa ziyenera kukhala zosalala komanso zopanda m'mphepete.Mawaya amayenera kutetezedwa kuti asakhumane ndi ma burrs, zipsepse zoziziritsa kapena m'mbali zina zomwe zingawononge kutsekereza.Mabowo achitsulo omwe mawaya otsekeredwa amadutsa ayenera kukhala ndi malo osalala, ozungulira kapena manja oteteza.Mawaya amayenera kutetezedwa bwino kuti asakhudze magawo osuntha, ndipo kuyenerera kwake kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyang'ana kowonekera.
- Mikanda yotchingira ndi zotchingira za ceramic zofananira pa ma conductor amoyo ziyenera kukhazikika kapena kuthandizidwa kuti zisasinthe malo kapena kupumira pamakona akuthwa.Ngati mikanda yotsekerayo ili munjira yachitsulo yosinthika, iyenera kutsekedwa ndi manja otsekereza pokhapokha ngati ngalandeyo siyingasunthe pakagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.Kutsatira kumatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika ndi kuyezetsa pamanja.
- Magawo osiyanasiyana a chipangizochi omwe amatha kusuntha akamagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kapena kukonzedwa bwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito sizingayambitse kupsinjika kosayenera pamalumikizidwe amagetsi ndi ma kondakitala amkati, kuphatikiza ma conductor omwe amapereka kupitiliza kwa dziko lapansi.Miyendo yachitsulo yosinthika sichidzawononga kuwonongeka kwa ma conductor omwe ali mkati mwawo.Akasupe otsegula a coil sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ma conductor.Ngati kasupe wa koyilo wokhala ndi ma coil olumikizana agwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ateteze kondakitala, chingwe choyenera chotchingira chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku insulation ya conductor.
- Ngati kupindika kumachitika pakagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino, ikani chipangizocho pamalo ake oyenera kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ndikuchipereka ndi magetsi ovotera nthawi zonse.Zigawo zosunthika zimayenda kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kuti zikhotetse waya mkati mwa ngodya yaikulu yomwe imaloledwa ndi dongosolo.Mlingo wopindika ndi 30 nthawi / mphindi.Nambala ya bend ndi:
Kwa mawaya omwe amapindika panthawi yogwira ntchito bwino, nthawi 10,000;
Nthawi 100 pamawaya omwe amapindika panthawi yokonza.
- Mawaya amkati owonekera adzakhala olimba ndipo adzakhala otetezedwa kuti pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kake creepage ndi kutalikirana sikungachepetsedwe pansi pamtengo womwe watchulidwa.
-Kusungunula kwa mawaya amkati kuyenera kupirira kupsinjika kwamagetsi komwe kumatha kuchitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito bwino.Magwiridwe amagetsi a kutchinjiriza koyambira kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kutsekereza koyambira kwa mawaya osinthika otchulidwa mu GB 5023.1 kapena GB 5013.1, kapena kutsatira mayeso amphamvu amagetsi otsatirawa.
- Ikani voliyumu ya 2000V pakati pa waya ndi zojambulazo zachitsulo zokulungidwa kunja kwa wosanjikiza wotsekera kwa mphindi 15.Pasakhale kusweka.
-Pamene bushing imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chowonjezera cha mawaya amkati, chidzagwiridwa ndi njira yodalirika.
Kutsatira kumawunikiridwa poyang'anira ndi kuyesa pamanja.
- Kondakitala wachikasu/wobiriwira wamitundu iwiri akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kondakitala woyambira.Kutsatira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyendera.
12. Njira zoyatsira pansi
- Zigawo zazitsulo za Class OI ndi zida za Class I zomwe zitha kukhala zamoyo ngati insulation zalephera kulumikizidwa ziyenera kulumikizidwa kotheratu komanso modalirika ku terminal yapadziko lapansi mkati mwa chipangizocho, kapena kukhudzana ndi dziko lapansi pa soketi ya chipangizocho.
- Malo otsetsereka pansi ndi kukhudzana kwapansi sikuyenera kulumikizidwa ndi malo osalowerera ndale.
Zida za Class 0, Class II ndi Sichuan sizikhala ndi miyeso yoyambira.Chitetezo chamagetsi owonjezera otsika sayenera kulumikizidwa kudziko lapansi pokhapokha ngati ali oteteza ma voteji otsika kwambiri.Kutsatira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyendera.
-Chida chomangira chapansi panthaka chiyenera kukhala chotetezedwa mokwanira kuti chiteteze kumasuka mwangozi.
Kwa mapangidwe ena, miyeso yapadera ingakhale yofunikira, monga kugwiritsa ntchito chigawo chomwe sichikhoza kuthetsedwa mwa kunyalanyaza mwangozi.
Ma terminal omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza ma equipotential conductors akunja amalola kulumikizana kwa ma conductor omwe ali ndi gawo laling'ono kuchokera pa 2.5 mm2 mpaka 6 mm2, ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito popereka kupitiliza kwa dziko pakati pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za chipangizocho.Siziyenera kukhala zotheka kumasula mawayawa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida.Kutsatira kumatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika ndi kuyezetsa pamanja.
- Ngati gawo lotayika lokhala ndi kugwirizana kwa dziko lapansi likulowetsedwa mu gawo lina la chipangizocho, kugwirizana kwake kwa dziko lapansi kudzapangidwa pamaso pa kugwirizana kwamakono ndipo pamene gawolo lichotsedwa, kugwirizana kwa dziko lapansi kudzasweka pambuyo poti kugwirizana kwamakono kutha. kulumikizidwa.
Kwa zida zokhala ndi chingwe chamagetsi, kutalika kwa kondakitala pakati pa terminal kapena chingwe fixture ndi chotengeracho chizikhala choti ngati chingwe chatuluka pa chingwe, kondakitala wonyamula pakali pano azigwedezeka pamaso pa kondakitala.Kutsatira kumatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika ndi kuyezetsa pamanja.
- Magawo onse a ma terminals adziko lapansi omwe amalumikizidwa ndi ma conductor akunja sadzakhala opanda chiwopsezo cha dzimbiri chifukwa chokhudzana ndi mkuwa wa conductor wapadziko lapansi, kapena kukhudzana ndi zitsulo zina.
Magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo dziko lapansi azikhala achitsulo chokwanira kuti chisawonongeke, kupatulapo zitsulo kapena zigawo zotchinga.Ngati magawowa apangidwa ndi chitsulo, makulidwe a plating osachepera 5 μm aperekedwa pamwamba pa thupi.Zigawo zachitsulo zokutidwa kapena zosakutidwa zomwe zimangofuna kupereka kapena kufalitsa kukakamiza kwa kukhudzana ziyenera kutetezedwa mokwanira ku dzimbiri.
Ngati thupi la dziko lapansi ndi gawo la chimango kapena mpanda wopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kapena zotayira zotayidwa, kusamala kuyenera kutengedwa kuti pasakhale dzimbiri chifukwa chokhudzana ndi mkuwa ndi zitsulo zotayidwa kapena zotayidwa.Kutsatira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyendera ndi kuyeza.
- Kulumikizana pakati pa malo otsetsereka kapena kukhudzana kwapansi ndi gawo lachitsulo lokhazikika liyenera kukhala ndi mtengo wotsika.
Izi sizikugwira ntchito pazida zolumikizira zomwe zimapatsa dziko kusalekeza m'magawo otetezedwa amagetsi otsika kwambiri ngati zololeza zotsekera m'magawo otetezedwa amagetsi otsika kwambiri atchulidwa kutengera mphamvu yamagetsi ya chipangizocho.
-Zosindikizidwa pama board osindikizidwa pazida zogwira pamanja sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zipitilizebe.Kupitilira kwa dziko lapansi kutha kuperekedwa mu zida zina ngati zotsatirazi zikwaniritsidwa:
- Pali mizere iwiri yokhala ndi zolumikizira zodziyimira pawokha, ndipo zofunikira za 27.5 ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa pa chipangizo chilichonse chamagetsi;
-Zinthu za board yosindikizidwa zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira za IEC 60249-2-4 kapena IEC 60249-2-5.
Kutsatira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyezetsa ndi mayeso oyenera.
13. Clearances, creepage distances ndi kutchinjiriza olimba
Zipangizozi ziyenera kupangidwa kuti ma clearances, creepage distances ndi kutchinjiriza kolimba zikhale zokwanira kuti zithe kupirira kupsinjika kwamagetsi komwe chipangizocho chingathe kuyendetsedwa.
Ngati zokutira zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamatabwa osindikizira kuti ateteze microenvironment (zopaka za M'kalasi A) kapena kupereka zotetezera (zopaka za M'kalasi B), Zowonjezera J zikugwira ntchito.Kuyipitsidwa kwa Level 1 kumayikidwa muzachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito zokutira za Gulu A.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zokutira za M'kalasi B, palibe zofunikira pakuloledwa kwamagetsi ndi mtunda wa creepage.
- Poganizira za kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagulu a overvoltage mu Table 15, zololeza sizikhala zochepa kuposa zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Table 16, pokhapokha ngati zovomerezeka pakati pa kutchinjiriza koyambira ndi kutchinjiriza kwa magwiridwe antchito zikugwirizana ndi kuyesa kwamagetsi kwa Mutu 14. Komabe, ngati mtunda wamapangidwewo umakhudzidwa ndi kuvala, kupindika, kusuntha kwa gawo kapena kuphatikizika, chilolezo chofananira chamagetsi chiyenera kuonjezedwa ndi 0.5mm pomwe voteji ya pulse ndi 1500V kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo kuyesa kwamagetsi sikugwira ntchito.
14. Kusamva kutentha ndi moto
Pazigawo zakunja zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda chitsulo, zida zotetezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira magawo amoyo (kuphatikiza zolumikizira), ndi zina zazinthu zowotcha zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu zowonjezera kapena zolimbitsa thupi,
United States, Canada, European Union ndi Australia onse ali ndi miyezo yawoyawo yachitetezo pazinthu zotere.Makamaka masiteshoni a Amazon 3 ali ndi zofunikira zapadera.
Muyezo waku America: UL 1278
Muyezo waku Canada: CSA C22.2 No.46
Muyezo wa EU: EN 60335-2-30
Muyezo waku Britain: BS EN 60335-2-30
Muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi: IEC 60335-2-3
Muyezo waku Australia: AS/NZS 60335.2.30
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-29-2023