Niba ibicuruzwa bifuza kwinjira mumasoko yagenewe no kwishimira guhatana, rumwe murufunguzo ni ukumenya niba rushobora kubona ikimenyetso cyurwego mpuzamahanga rwemeza ibyemezo.Nyamara, impamyabumenyi n'ibipimo bisabwa n'amasoko atandukanye hamwe n'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biratandukanye.Biragoye kumenya ibyemezo byose mugihe gito.Muhinduzi yatoranije ibyemezo 13 bikoreshwa cyane byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze hamwe ninshuti zacu.Reka twigire hamwe.
1 、 CE
CE (Conformite Europeenne) bisobanura Ubumwe bwi Burayi.Ikimenyetso cya CE ni ikimenyetso cyumutekano kandi gifatwa nka pasiporo kubakora kugirango bafungure kandi binjire kumasoko yuburayi.Ibicuruzwa byose bifite ikimenyetso cya CE birashobora kugurishwa mubihugu bigize Umuryango w’uburayi bitujuje ibisabwa na buri gihugu cy’abanyamuryango, bityo bikamenyekana ko ibicuruzwa byinjira mu buntu mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ikimenyetso cya CE ni icyemezo giteganijwe.Yaba ibicuruzwa byakozwe n’umushinga uri mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi cyangwa ibicuruzwa biva mu bindi bihugu, niba bigomba gukwirakwizwa ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ikimenyetso cya CE kigomba gushyirwaho kugira ngo kigaragaze ko ibicuruzwa byubahiriza “Tekinike yo guhuza tekinike” y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi .Ibisabwa byibanze byuburyo bushya bwo kuyobora amabwiriza.Iki nikintu gisabwa kubicuruzwa hakurikijwe amategeko yuburayi.
Ibicuruzwa bikurikira bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cya CE:
• Amashanyarazi
• Ibikoresho bya mashini
• Ibikinisho
• Ibikoresho bya radiyo n'itumanaho
• Ibikoresho byo gukonjesha no gukonjesha
• Ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu ku giti cye
• Icyombo cyoroshye
Amashanyarazi ashyushye
• Ibikoresho by'ingutu
• Shimisha ubwato
• Ibicuruzwa byubaka
• Muri vitro ibikoresho byo kwa muganga
• Ibikoresho byubuvuzi byatewe
• Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi
• Ibikoresho byo guterura
• Ibikoresho bya gaze
• Ibikoresho byo gupima bidatinze
Icyitonderwa: Ikimenyetso cya CE nticyemewe muri Amerika, Kanada, Ubuyapani, Singapore, Koreya, nibindi.
2 、 RoHS
Izina ryuzuye rya RoHS ni ukubuza gukoresha ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora guteza akaga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki na elegitoronike, ni ukuvuga, Amabwiriza yo Kubuza ikoreshwa ry’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora guteza akaga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’amashanyarazi, bizwi kandi ko 2002/95 / Amabwiriza ya EC.Mu 2005, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wongeyeho 2002/95 / EC mu buryo bw’Umwanzuro 2005/618 / EC, wasobanuye neza isasu (Pb), kadmium (Cd), mercure (Hg), chromium ya hexavalent (Cr6 +), polybromine ntarengwa ntarengwa ntarengwa ibintu bitandatu bishobora guteza akaga, diphenyl ether (PBDE) na biphenili polybromine (PBB).
RoHS yibanda ku bicuruzwa byose by’amashanyarazi na elegitoronike bishobora kuba birimo ibintu bitandatu byavuzwe haruguru bishobora guteza akaga mu bikoresho fatizo no mu musaruro, cyane cyane birimo: ibicuruzwa byera (nka firigo, imashini imesa, ifuru ya microwave, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, ibyuma byangiza, ubushyuhe bw’amazi, n’ibindi. ), ibikoresho byo murugo byirabura (nkibicuruzwa byamajwi na videwo), DVD, CD, imashini yakira TV, ibicuruzwa bya IT, ibicuruzwa bya digitale, ibicuruzwa byitumanaho, nibindi), ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikinisho bya elegitoroniki nibikoresho byamashanyarazi, nibindi.
3 、 UL
UL ni ngufi kuri Underwriter Laboratories Inc mucyongereza.Laboratoire ya UL n’umuryango wemewe cyane muri Amerika n’umuryango munini utegamiye kuri Leta ukora ibizamini by’umutekano no kumenyekana ku isi.
Ikoresha uburyo bwo gupima siyanse kugirango yige kandi imenye niba ibikoresho, ibikoresho, ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho, inyubako, nibindi byangiza ubuzima numutungo nurwego rwibyangiritse;kugena, kwandika, no gutanga ibipimo bihuye no gufasha kugabanya no gukumira ibikomere byangiza ubuzima.Amakuru ku byangiritse ku mutungo, no gukora ubucuruzi bwo gushakisha ukuri.
Muri make, ikora cyane cyane mubyemezo byumutekano wibicuruzwa hamwe nubucuruzi bwemeza umutekano, kandi intego yacyo nyamukuru ni ukubona ibicuruzwa bifite urwego rushimishije ku isoko, no gutanga umusanzu mu kwizeza ubuzima bwite n’umutekano ku mutungo.Kubijyanye no kwemeza umutekano wibicuruzwa nuburyo bwiza bwo gukuraho inzitizi za tekiniki zibangamira ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, UL igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere iterambere ryubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
4 、 CCC
Izina ryuzuye rya CCC ni Ubushinwa buteganijwe ku gahato, ibyo bikaba ari byo WTO yiyemeje mu Bushinwa kandi ikagaragaza ihame ryo kuvura igihugu.Igihugu gikoresha icyemezo cyibicuruzwa byemewe ku bicuruzwa 149 mu byiciro 22.Izina ryikimenyetso gishya cyemewe cyigihugu ni "Ubushinwa buteganijwe".Nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa ikimenyetso cy’ubushinwa ku gahato, kizasimbuza buhoro buhoro ikimenyetso cyambere "Urukuta runini" na "CCIB".
5 、 GS
Izina ryuzuye rya GS ni Geprufte Sicherheit (yemejwe n’umutekano), kikaba ari ikimenyetso cy’umutekano cyatanzwe na TÜV, VDE n’ibindi bigo byemewe na Minisiteri y’umurimo mu Budage.Ikimenyetso cya GS ni ikimenyetso cyumutekano cyemewe nabakiriya i Burayi.Mubisanzwe ibicuruzwa byemewe bya GS bigurishwa kubiciro biri hejuru kandi birakunzwe cyane.
Icyemezo cya GS gifite ibisabwa bikomeye kuri sisitemu yo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwuruganda, kandi uruganda rugomba gusubirwamo no kugenzurwa buri mwaka:
• Uruganda rusabwa gushyiraho uburyo bwarwo bwo kwizeza ubuziranenge ukurikije sisitemu ya ISO9000 iyo rwoherejwe ku bwinshi.Uruganda rugomba nibura kugira sisitemu yarwo yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, inyandiko zujuje ubuziranenge nizindi nyandiko hamwe nubushobozi buhagije bwo gukora no kugenzura;
• Mbere yo gutanga icyemezo cya GS, uruganda rushya rugomba kugenzurwa kandi icyemezo cya GS kizatangwa nyuma yo gutsinda igenzura;
• Icyemezo kimaze gutangwa, uruganda rugenzurwa byibuze rimwe mu mwaka.Nubwo ibimenyetso bya TUV bingana iki uruganda rusaba, kugenzura uruganda rukenera inshuro 1 gusa.
Ibicuruzwa bigomba gusaba ibyemezo bya GS ni:
• Ibikoresho byo murugo nka firigo, imashini imesa, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, nibindi.;
Imashini zo mu rugo;
• Ibicuruzwa bya siporo;
• Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byo mu rugo nk'ibikoresho bifata amajwi n'amashusho;
• Ibikoresho byo mu biro by'amashanyarazi na elegitoronike nka kopi, imashini za fax, amashanyarazi, mudasobwa, icapiro, n'ibindi.;
• Imashini zinganda, ibikoresho byo gupima ubushakashatsi;
• Ibindi bicuruzwa bijyanye n'umutekano nk'amagare, ingofero, ingazi, ibikoresho, n'ibindi.
6 、 PSE
Icyemezo cya PSE (Umutekano wibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi n’ibikoresho) (byitwa "kugenzura neza" mu Buyapani) ni uburyo buteganijwe bwo kugera ku masoko y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu Buyapani, kandi ni igice cyingenzi mu mategeko y’umutekano w’Ubuyapani ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho..Kugeza ubu, guverinoma y’Ubuyapani igabanya ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi “ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byihariye” n '“ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bidasanzwe” nk'uko amategeko y’Ubuyapani “Amategeko y’umutekano w’amashanyarazi abiteganya”, muri byo “ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byihariye” birimo ibicuruzwa 115;"Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bidasanzwe" Harimo ibicuruzwa 338.
PSE ikubiyemo ibisabwa kuri EMC n'umutekano.Ibicuruzwa byose biri mu gitabo cyitwa "Ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho byihariye" byinjira ku isoko ry’Ubuyapani bigomba kwemezwa n’ikigo cy’abandi cyemezo cyemewe na Minisiteri y’Ubukungu, Ubucuruzi n’inganda mu Buyapani, kubona icyemezo cy’icyemezo, kandi gifite diyama- Ikimenyetso cya PSE kuri label.
CQC ninzego zonyine zemeza mubushinwa zasabye uruhushya rwabayapani PSE.Kugeza ubu, ibyiciro byibicuruzwa byemejwe n’ibicuruzwa by’Ubuyapani PSE byemejwe na CQC ni ibyiciro bitatu: insinga n’umugozi (harimo ubwoko 20 bwibicuruzwa), ibikoresho byo gukoresha insinga (ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kumurika, nibindi, harimo ubwoko 38 bwibicuruzwa), amashanyarazi imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi nibikoresho (ibikoresho byo murugo, harimo ibicuruzwa 12), nibindi
7 、 FCC
FCC (Komisiyo ishinzwe itumanaho), komisiyo ishinzwe itumanaho muri Amerika, ihuza itumanaho ryimbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga mu kugenzura amaradiyo, televiziyo, itumanaho, satelite, n’insinga.Ihuza intara zirenga 50 zo muri Amerika, Columbiya, n’intara z’Amerika.Ibicuruzwa byinshi bikoresha amaradiyo, ibicuruzwa byitumanaho nibicuruzwa bya digitale bisaba kwemererwa na FCC kwinjira mumasoko yo muri Amerika.
Icyemezo cya FCC kizwi kandi nk'icyemezo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe itumanaho.Harimo mudasobwa, imashini za fax, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho byo kwakira radio no kohereza, ibikinisho bigenzurwa na radio, terefone, mudasobwa bwite, nibindi bicuruzwa bishobora guhungabanya umutekano bwite.Niba ibyo bicuruzwa bigomba koherezwa muri Amerika, bigomba kugeragezwa no kwemezwa na laboratoire yemewe na leta hakurikijwe amahame ya tekiniki ya FCC.Abatumiza mu mahanga n'abakozi ba gasutamo basabwa gutangaza ko buri gikoresho cya radiyo cyujuje ubuziranenge bwa FCC, kizwi nk'uruhushya rwa FCC.
8 、 SAA
Icyemezo cya SAA ni urwego rusanzwe rwa Ositaraliya kandi rwemejwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubuziranenge muri Ositaraliya, bivuze ko ibicuruzwa byose by’amashanyarazi byinjira ku isoko rya Ositaraliya bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y’umutekano waho.Kubera amasezerano yo kumenyekanisha hagati ya Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande, ibicuruzwa byose byemejwe na Ositaraliya birashobora kwinjira neza ku isoko rya Nouvelle-Zélande kugurisha.Ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi byose byemewe na SAA.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwibimenyetso bya SAA, kimwe cyemewe kandi ikindi nikimenyetso gisanzwe.Icyemezo gisanzwe gishinzwe gusa ibyitegererezo, kandi ibimenyetso bisanzwe bigomba kugenzurwa muruganda.Kugeza ubu, hari inzira ebyiri zo gusaba icyemezo cya SAA mu Bushinwa.Imwe ni kwimura binyuze muri raporo yikizamini cya CB.Niba nta raporo yikizamini cya CB, urashobora kandi gusaba muburyo butaziguye.
9 、 SASO
SASO ni impfunyapfunyo y’umuryango w’ubuziranenge w’Abarabu bo muri Arabiya Sawudite, ni ukuvuga Umuryango w’ubuziranenge bwa Arabiya Sawudite.SASO ishinzwe gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu kubikenerwa nibicuruzwa bya buri munsi, kandi ibipimo birimo na sisitemu yo gupima, ibirango, nibindi. Ibi byasangiwe numwanditsi mwishuri ryubucuruzi ryamahanga ryabanje.Kanda ku ngingo urebe: Arabiya Sawudite yo kurwanya ruswa, ihuriye he n'abacuruzi bacu bo mu mahanga?
10 、 ISO9000
Umuryango w’ibipimo ISO9000 washyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge (ISO), kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umuryango wa GB / T19000-ISO9000 ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe n’icyemezo cy’ubuziranenge ryabaye ingingo ishyushye mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi.Mubyukuri, icyemezo cyiza gifite amateka maremare, kandi nigicuruzwa cyubukungu bwisoko.Icyemezo cyiza ni pasiporo y'ibicuruzwa byinjira ku isoko mpuzamahanga.Uyu munsi, umuryango ISO9000 wa sisitemu yubuziranenge isanzwe yabaye kimwe mubintu byingenzi bidashobora kwirengagizwa mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
11 、 VDE
Izina ryuzuye rya VDE ni Ikigo cya VDE cyo Gupima no Kwemeza, ariryo shyirahamwe ry’Abadage bashinzwe amashanyarazi.Nimwe mubigo bifite uburambe bwo gupima no kugenzura iburayi.Numuryango mpuzamahanga wogupima umutekano no gutanga ibyemezo kubikoresho bya elegitoronike nibiyigize, VDE ifite izina ryiza muburayi ndetse no mumahanga.Urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa rusuzuma rukubiyemo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoreshwa mu rugo no mu bucuruzi, ibikoresho bya IT, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda n'ubuvuzi, ibikoresho byo guteranya n'ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, insinga n'insinga, n'ibindi.
12 、 CSA
CSA ni impfunyapfunyo y’ishyirahamwe ry’ubuziranenge bwa Kanada (Ishyirahamwe ry’ubuziranenge bwa Kanada).Kugeza ubu CSA n’urwego runini rwemeza umutekano muri Kanada kandi ni rumwe mu nzego zizwi cyane zemeza umutekano ku isi.Itanga ibyemezo byumutekano byubwoko bwose bwibicuruzwa mu mashini, ibikoresho byubaka, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya mudasobwa, ibikoresho byo mu biro, kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano w’ubuvuzi, siporo n’imyidagaduro.
Ibicuruzwa byemewe bya CSA byibanda ku bice umunani:
1. Kubaho kwabantu n’ibidukikije, harimo ubuzima n’umutekano ku kazi, umutekano rusange, kurengera ibidukikije ibikoresho bya siporo n’imyidagaduro, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryita ku buzima.
2. Amashanyarazi na elegitoronike, harimo amabwiriza yerekeye gushyira ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi mu nyubako, inganda zitandukanye n’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi n’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.
3. Itumanaho namakuru, harimo sisitemu yo gutunganya amazu, itumanaho hamwe na tekinoroji ya interineti ikoresha ibikoresho.
4. Inyubako zubaka, zirimo ibikoresho byubwubatsi nibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bya gisivili, beto, inyubako zububiko, ibikoresho byo mu miyoboro hamwe n’ibishushanyo mbonera.
5. Ingufu, zirimo kuvugurura ingufu no guhererekanya, gutwika lisansi, ibikoresho byumutekano hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya kirimbuzi.
6. Uburyo bwo gutwara no gukwirakwiza, harimo umutekano w’ibinyabiziga, imiyoboro ya peteroli na gaze, gutunganya ibikoresho no kubikwirakwiza, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo hanze.
7. Ikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho, harimo gusudira na metallurgie.
8. Sisitemu yo gucunga no gutanga umusaruro, harimo gucunga neza nubuhanga bwibanze.
13 Ü TÜV
TÜV (Technischer überwachüngs-Verein) bisobanura Ishyirahamwe Rishinzwe Kugenzura Tekinike mu Cyongereza.Ikimenyetso cya TÜV ni ikimenyetso cyumutekano cyashizweho byumwihariko nu Budage TÜV kubicuruzwa bikoreshwa kandi byemewe cyane mubudage nu Burayi.
Iyo uruganda rusabye ikimenyetso cya TÜV, rushobora gusaba icyemezo cya CB hamwe, bityo rukabona ibyemezo bivuye mubindi bihugu binyuze mubihinduka.Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimaze gutsinda icyemezo, TÜV Ubudage buzasaba ibyo bicuruzwa kubakora inganda zikosora baza kugenzura ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa;mugihe cyose cyo kwemeza imashini, ibice byose byabonye ikimenyetso cya TÜV birashobora gusonerwa ubugenzuzi.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-19-2022