Kana chigadzirwa chichida kupinda mumusika waunonakirwa uye kunakidzwa nemakwikwi, rimwe remakiyi nderekuti chinogona kuwana chitupa chesangano repasi rese rezvitupa.Nekudaro, zvitupa uye zviyero zvinodikanwa nemisika dzakasiyana uye akasiyana zvigadzirwa zvikamu zvakasiyana.Zvakaoma kuziva zvese zvitupa munguva pfupi.Mupepeti akaronga gumi nenhatu anonyanya kushandiswa zvitupa uye masangano eshamwari dzedu.Ngatidzidzei pamwe chete.
1, CE
CE (Conformite Europeenne) inomirira European Unity.Iyo CE mucherechedzo chiratidzo chekuchengetedza chitupa uye inoonekwa sepasipoti yevagadziri kuvhura uye kupinda mumusika weEurope.Zvese zvigadzirwa zvine mucherechedzo weEC zvinogona kutengeswa munyika dzenhengo dzeEurope pasina kusangana nezvinodiwa nenyika yega yega nhengo, nekudaro kuona kutenderera kwemahara kwezvinhu mukati menhengo dzeEU.
Mumusika weEU, iyo CE mucherechedzo ndeyekumanikidzirwa certification.Kunyangwe chiri chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa nebhizinesi mukati meEU kana chigadzirwa chinobva kune dzimwe nyika, kana chichizofambiswa zvakasununguka mumusika weEU, mucherechedzo weEC unofanirwa kuiswa kuratidza kuti chigadzirwa chinoenderana neEU "Technical Harmonization" .Zvinodiwa zvakakosha zveNew Approach to Standardization Directive.Izvi zvinosungirwa kune zvigadzirwa pasi pemutemo weEU.
Zvigadzirwa zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa CE:
• Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi
• Zvigadzirwa zvemichina
• Zvigadzirwa zvematoyi
• Redhiyo uye nharembozha chiteshi
• Firiji uye midziyo yechando
• Zvishandiso zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo
• Nyore yekumanikidza mudziyo
• Boiler yemvura inopisa
• Kumanikidza michina
• Igwa rekunakidzwa
• Zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka
• In vitro diagnostic medical devices
• Midziyo yekurapa inosimwa
• Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekurapa
• Midziyo yekusimudza
• Gasi midziyo
• Zvishandiso zvekuyeresa zvisina otomatiki
Ongorora: CE yekumaka haigamuchirwe muUSA, Canada, Japan, Singapore, Korea, nezvimwe.
2, RoHS
Iro zita rakazara reRoHS ndiro Kurambidzwa kwekushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvine ngozi muElectroniki uye Electronic Equipment, kureva, iyo Direji paKurambidzwa kweKushandiswa kweZvimwe Zvine Njodzi Zvinhu muElectroniki neMagetsi Equipment, inozivikanwawo se2002/95/ EC Directive.Muna 2005, EU yakawedzera 2002/95/EC nenzira yeResolution 2005/618/EC, iyo yainyatso tsanangura lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated Maximum miganho ye zvinhu zvitanhatu zvine ngozi, diphenyl ether (PBDE) uye polybrominated biphenyls (PBB).
RoHS inonangana nezvose zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvinogona kunge zvine zvinhu zvitanhatu zvine njodzi zviri pamusoro muzvigadzirwa uye maitiro ekugadzira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira: zvinhu zvichena (senge mafiriji, michina yekuwachisa, maovheni emicrowave, maair conditioner, vacuum cleaners, mahita emvura, nezvimwe. ), midziyo yemumba yevatema (senge maodhiyo nemavhidhiyo zvigadzirwa) , DVD, CD, TV inogamuchira, IT zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvedhijitari, zvigadzirwa zvekutaurirana, nezvimwewo), maturusi emagetsi, magetsi emagetsi matoyi uye zvekurapa zvemagetsi zvemagetsi, nezvimwe.
3, UL
UL ipfupi kuti Underwriter Laboratories Inc. muChirungu.Iyo UL Safety Laboratory ndiyo ine chiremera zvakanyanya muUnited States uye isangano hombe risiri rehurumende rinoita bvunzo dzekuchengetedza uye kuzivikanwa munyika.
Inoshandisa nzira dzesainzi dzekuyedza kudzidza uye kuona kana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvishandiso, zvigadzirwa, zvivakwa, zvivakwa, nezvimwe zvinokuvadza kuhupenyu nemidziyo uye chiyero chekukuvadza;kuona, kunyora, uye kupa mipimo inoenderana uye kubatsira kuderedza nekudzivirira kukuvara kunouraya.Ruzivo pamusoro pekukuvadzwa kwemidziyo, uye ita bhizinesi rekutsvaga chokwadi.
Muchidimbu, inonyanya kuita chitupa chekuchengetedza zvitupa uye bhizinesi rekushandisa certification, uye chinangwa chayo chekupedzisira ndechekuwana zvigadzirwa zvine mwero wakachengeteka pamusika, uye nekupa kuvimbiswa kwehutano hwemunhu uye kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo.Nezve chitupa chekuchengetedza certification inzira inoshanda yekubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi kune kutengeserana kwenyika, UL inoita basa rinoshanda mukusimudzira kusimukira kwekutengeserana kwenyika.
4, CCC
Zita rakazara reCCC iChina Compulsory Certification, inova kuzvipira kweWTO yeChina uye inoratidza musimboti wekurapwa kwenyika.Nyika inoshandisa inomanikidzirwa chigadzirwa certification kune 149 zvigadzirwa muzvikamu makumi maviri nemaviri.Zita renyika nyowani inomanikidzirwa chitupa mucherechedzo ndeye "China Inomanikidza Chitupa".Mushure mekushandiswa kweChina Compulsory Certification Mark, zvishoma nezvishoma ichatsiva yekutanga "Great Wall" chiratidzo uye "CCIB" chiratidzo.
5, GS
Iri zita rakazara reGS ndiGeprufte Sicherheit (safety certified), inova chiratidzo chekuchengetedza chakapihwa neTÜV, VDE nemamwe masangano akatenderwa neGerman Ministry of Labor.Mucherechedzo weGS chiratidzo chekuchengetedza chinogamuchirwa nevatengi muEurope.Kazhinji zvigadzirwa zveGS Certified zvinotengeswa nemutengo wepamusoro weyuniti uye zvinozivikanwa zvakanyanya.
GS certification ine zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa pafekitari yemhando yekusimbisa system, uye fekitori inofanirwa kuongororwa nekuongororwa gore rega:
• Iyo fekitari inodiwa kuti igadzire yayo yemhando yekusimbisa hurongwa maererano ne ISO9000 system standard painotumira yakawanda.Iyo fekitori inofanirwa kunge iine yayo yemhando yekudzora hurongwa, marekodhi emhando uye mamwe magwaro uye zvakakwana kugadzira uye kuongorora kugona;
• Usati wapa chitupa cheGS, fekitari itsva inofanirwa kuongororwa uye chitupa cheGS chichapihwa chete mushure mekupasa ongororo;
• Mushure mekunge chitupa chapihwa, fekitori ichaongororwa kamwechete pagore.Hazvina mhosva kuti maTUV mangani anomaka iyo fekitori inoshandiswa, kuongorora fekitori kunongoda kamwechete.
Zvigadzirwa zvinoda kunyorera certification yeGS ndezvi:
• Midziyo yemumba yakaita sefiriji, michina yekuwachisa, midziyo yekubikira nezvimwewo;
• Michina yemumba;
• Zvinhu zvemitambo;
• Midziyo yemagetsi yemumba yakadai sezvekuteerera nekuona;
• Midziyo yemuhofisi yemagetsi neyemagetsi yakaita semakopi, muchina wefax, mashredders, makomputa, maprinta, nezvimwewo;
• Michina yemaindasitiri, midziyo yekuyera yekuedza;
• Zvimwe zvinhu zvinechekuita nekuchengetedza zvakaita semabhasikoro, ngowani, manera, fenicha nezvimwe.
6, PSE
PSE (Chigadzirwa Chekuchengetedza cheMagetsi Zvishandiso & Zvishandiso) chitupa (chinonzi "kukodzera kuongorora" muJapan) inosungirwa kuwana musika nzira yemidziyo yemagetsi muJapan, uye chikamu chakakosha cheJapan Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Law..Parizvino, hurumende yeJapan inopatsanura midziyo yemagetsi kuita "midziyo yemagetsi chaiyo" uye "zvisiri zvemagetsi midziyo yemagetsi" maererano neJapan "Electrical Appliances Safety Law", iyo "midziyo yemagetsi chaiyo" inosanganisira zvigadzirwa zve115;"Zvisina-chaiyo midziyo yemagetsi" Inosanganisira 338 zvigadzirwa.
Iyo PSE inosanganisira zvinodiwa kune ese EMC uye chengetedzo.Zvese zvigadzirwa zve "Specific Electrical Appliances and Materials" kabhuku zvinopinda mumusika weJapan zvinofanirwa kupihwa certification nevechitatu-bato retifiketi agency yakatenderwa neBazi reEconomy, Trade uye Indasitiri yeJapan, kuwana chitupa chetifiketi, uye kuve nedhaimondi- yakaumbwa PSE mucherechedzo pane iyo label.
CQC ndiyo yega sangano retifiketi muChina rakanyorera mvumo yeJapan PSE certification.Parizvino, zvikamu zvechigadzirwa zveJapan PSE chigadzirwa chitupa chakawanikwa neCQC mapoka matatu: waya netambo (kusanganisira makumi maviri emhando dzezvigadzirwa), midziyo yewaya (zvemagetsi, midziyo yekuvhenekesa, nezvimwewo, zvinosanganisira makumi matatu nemasere ezvigadzirwa), zvemagetsi. magetsi ekushandisa muchina nemidziyo (midziyo yemumba, inosanganisira gumi nemaviri zvigadzirwa), nezvimwe.
7, FCC
FCC (Federal Communications Commission), iyo Federal Communications Commission yeUnited States, inoronga kutaurirana kwemumba nekune dzimwe nyika nekudzora kutepfenyura kweredhiyo, terevhizheni, nharembozha, setiraiti, uye tambo.Inofukidza anopfuura makumi mashanu eUS nyika, Columbia, uye US matunhu.Zvigadzirwa zveredhiyo zvekushandisa, zvigadzirwa zvekutaurirana uye zvigadzirwa zvedhijitari zvinoda mvumo yeFCC kupinda mumusika weUS.
FCC certification inozivikanwawo seUS Federal Communications Certification.Kusanganisira makombiyuta, michina yefax, midziyo yemagetsi, reception reception and transmission equipment, matoyi anodzorwa neredhiyo, nhare, makomputa emunhu, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogona kukanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu.Kana zvigadzirwa izvi zvichizoendeswa kunze kwenyika kuUnited States, zvinofanirwa kuongororwa uye kubvumidzwa nerabhoritari yakatenderwa nehurumende zvinoenderana neFCC tekinoroji zviyero.Vanopinza uye vamiririri vetsika vanosungirwa kuzivisa kuti imwe neimwe radio frequency mudziyo unoenderana neFCC miyero, inozivikanwa serezinesi reFCC.
8,SAA
SAA certification isangano reAustralia mwero uye rakasimbiswa neSungano reMasitadhi reAustralia, zvinoreva kuti zvigadzirwa zvese zvemagetsi zvinopinda mumusika weAustralia zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mirairo yekuchengetedza yemuno.Nekuda kwechibvumirano chekuremekedzana pakati peAustralia neNew Zealand, zvigadzirwa zvese zvakasimbiswa neAustralia zvinokwanisa kupinda mumusika weNew Zealand kutengeswa.Zvese zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zviri pasi peSAA certification.
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzemamaki eSAA, imwe ndeyekubvumidzwa zviri pamutemo uye imwe ndeye standard mark.Formal certification ibasa remasamples chete, uye mamaki akajairwa ari pasi pekuongororwa fekitori.Parizvino, kune nzira mbiri dzekunyorera SAA certification muChina.Imwe ndeyekuendesa kuburikidza neCB test report.Kana pasina CB test report, unogona kunyorera zvakananga.
9, SASO
SASO ndiyo chidimbu cheChirungu Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation, kureva, Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation.SASO ine basa rekugadzira mipimo yenyika yezvese zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva uye zvigadzirwa, uye zviyero zvinosanganisirawo kuyerwa kwehurongwa, mavara, nezvimwe. Izvi zvakagoverwa nemupepeti mune yapfuura chikoro chekutengeserana kunze kwenyika.Dzvanya chinyorwa kuti uone: Dutu rekurwisa huwori reSaudi Arabia, rinei nechekuita nevanhu vedu vekunze vekutengesa?
10, ISO9000
Iyo ISO9000 mhuri yezviyero yakaburitswa neInternational Organisation for Standardization (ISO), uye kuitwa kweiyo GB/T19000-ISO9000 mhuri yezviyero uye yemhando certification yave nyaya inopisa muhupfumi uye bhizinesi madenderedzwa.Muchokwadi, certification yemhando ine nhoroondo refu, uye ndicho chigadzirwa chehupfumi hwemusika.Quality certification ipasipoti yezvinhu zvinopinda mumusika wepasi rose.Nhasi, iyo ISO9000 mhuri yeakajairwa emhando masisitimu yave chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvisingagone kufuratirwa mukutengeserana kwenyika.
11、VDE
Zita rakazara reVDE iVDE Testing uye Certification Institute, inova iyo German Association of Electrical Engineers.Ndiyo imwe yeakanyanya ruzivo yekuyedza certification uye yekuongorora masangano muEurope.Sesangano rinozivikanwa pasi rese rekuchengetedza uye certification sangano remidziyo yemagetsi uye zvikamu zvadzo, VDE ine mukurumbira wepamusoro muEurope uye kunyangwe pasirese.Chigadzirwa chainoongorora chinosanganisira midziyo yemagetsi yekushandisa pamba neyekutengesa, IT midziyo, maindasitiri uye zvekurapa tekinoroji michina, zvekusangana uye zvinhu zvemagetsi, waya netambo, nezvimwe.
12, CSA
CSA ndiyo chidimbu cheCanadian Standards Association (Canadian Standards Association).CSA parizvino ndiyo yakakura kwazvo certification body muCanada uye rimwe remapato anozivikanwa ekuchengetedza zvitupa pasirese.Inopa chitupa chekuchengetedza kune ese marudzi ezvigadzirwa mumakina, zvekuvakisa, midziyo yemagetsi, komputa michina, midziyo yehofisi, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza moto wekurapa, mitambo uye varaidzo.
Iyo CSA yakasimbiswa chigadzirwa renji inotarisa munzvimbo sere:
1. Kurarama kwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira hutano hwebasa uye kuchengeteka, kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zvemitambo nemitambo yekuvaraidza, uye teknolojia yekuchengetedza utano.
2. Magetsi nemagetsi, kusanganisira mitemo yekuiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi muzvivako, zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabhizimisi uye zvekutengesa zvemagetsi nemagetsi.
3. Kukurukurirana uye ruzivo, kusanganisira dzekugara kugadzirisa masisitimu, kufonera uye electromagnetic kupindira tekinoroji nemidziyo.
4. Zvivako zvekuvaka, zvinosanganisira zvekuvakisa uye zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvevagari, kongiri, masonry zvimiro, pombi fittings uye madhizaini ekuvaka.
5. Simba, kusanganisira kuvandudza simba uye kutamisa, kupisa mafuta, midziyo yekuchengetedza uye teknolojia yemagetsi enyukireya.
6. Zvifambiso uye kugovera masisitimu, kusanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwemotokari, mapaipi emafuta uye gasi, kubata uye kugovera zvinhu, uye zvivakwa zvekunze.
7. Materials tekinoroji, kusanganisira welding uye metallurgy.
8. Bhizinesi uye kugadzirwa kwekugadzirisa masisitimu, kusanganisira kutungamira kwemhando uye maininjiniya.
13, TÜV
TÜV (Technischer überwachüngs-Verein) zvinoreva Technical Inspection Association muChirungu.Mucherechedzo weTÜV chiratidzo chekuchengetedza chitupa chakanyatsogadzirwa neGerman TÜV yezvigadzirwa zvechikamu uye inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya muGermany neEurope.
Kana bhizinesi richinyorera chiratidzo cheTÜV, rinogona kunyorera chitupa cheCB pamwe chete, uye nekudaro kuwana zvitupa kubva kune dzimwe nyika kuburikidza nekutendeuka.Uye zvakare, mushure mekunge zvigadzirwa zvapasa chitupa, TÜV Germany ichakurudzira zvigadzirwa izvi kune vanogadzirisa vanogadzira vanouya kuzotarisa vanokwanisa vechikamu vatengesi;panguva yese yemuchina certification process, zvese zvikamu zvakawana TÜV chiratidzo zvinogona kuregererwa kubva pakuongororwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-19-2022