Njengempahla ekhethekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezithambiso kwahlukile kwizinto eziqhelekileyo.Inomphumela oqinileyo wophawu.Abathengi bahlawula ingqalelo ngakumbi kumfanekiso wabavelisi bezimonyo kunye nomgangatho weemveliso zokuthambisa.Ngokukodwa, iimpawu ezisemgangathweni zezithambiso azinakwahlulwa kukhuseleko lwemveliso (ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide), uzinzo (ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide), kunye luncedo (ukunceda ukugcina imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yolusu kunye nesiphumo esikhazimlayo) kunye nokusebenziseka (kuyalula ukusebenzisa, kuyayonwabisa ukusebenzisa), kunye nokukhethwa kwabathengi.Phakathi kwabo, ukhuseleko olubaluleke kakhulu kunye nokuzinza kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngeethiyori kunye neendlela ze-microbiology kunye ne-biochemistry.
Imigaqo yokuhlolwa kwezithambiso
1.isigama esisisiseko
(1)Izinto zokuhlola rhoqo.Kubhekiselwa kwizinto ekufuneka zihlolwe kwibhetshi nganye yeemveliso, kubandakanywa izikhombisi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, izikhombisi zeemvakalelo, inani elipheleleyo lebhaktheriya kwiimpawu zococeko, izikhombisi zobunzima kunye neemfuno zokubonakala.
(2) Izinto zokuhlola ezingaqhelekanga.Ibhekisela kwizinto ezingahlolwanga ibhetshi ngebhetshi, njengezinto ezingaphandle kwenani elipheleleyo lebhaktheriya kwiimpawu zococeko.
(3) Yiphathe ngokufanelekileyo.Ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokhetho yokususa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi zomntu kwibhetshi yonke yezithambiso ngaphandle kokonakalisa ukupakishwa kwentengiso.
(4) Umzekelo.Ibhekisa kubungakanani besampulu epheleleyo yebhetshi nganye.
(5) Imveliso yeyunithi.Ibhekisa kwisiqwenga esinye sezithambiso, ezineebhotile, iintonga, iibhegi kunye neebhokisi njengeeyunithi zokubala.
2.Ukuhlelwa kohlolo
(1) Ukuhlolwa kokuhanjiswa
Phambi kokuba iimveliso zimke kumzi-mveliso, isebe lokuhlola lomenzi liya kuzihlola ibhetshi ngebhetshi ngokwemigangatho yemveliso.Iimveliso ezihlangabezana nemigangatho kuphela zinokuthunyelwa ngaphandle.Ibhetshi nganye yeemveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kufuneka ikhatshwe sisatifikethi sokuthotyelwa.Umthumeli unokwahlula ibhetshi yokuhanjiswa kwiibhetshi kwaye aqhube uhlolo ngokwemigaqo esemgangathweni.Izinto zokuhlola ukuhanjiswa zizinto zokuhlolwa kwesiqhelo.
(2)Uhlobo lokuhlola
Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho ngaphantsi kanye ngonyaka.Ukuhlola uhlobo kufuneka kwakhona kwenziwe phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko kwezi zilandelayo.
1) Xa kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwizinto eziluhlaza, iinkqubo, kunye neefomula ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwemveliso.
2) Xa imveliso iphinda iqalise imveliso emva kokumiswa kwexesha elide (ngaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6).
3) Xa iziphumo zokuhlolwa kwefektri zihluke kakhulu kuhlobo lokugqibela lokuhlola.
4) Xa i-arhente yolawulo lomgangatho wesizwe iphakamisa iimfuno zokuhlola uhlobo.
Izinto zokuhlola uhlobo ziquka izinto zokuhlolwa kwesiqhelo kunye nezinto ezingezizo ezesiqhelo zokuhlola.
3.Isampuli
Iimveliso ezinemiqathango yenkqubo efanayo, iintlobo, kunye nemihla yokuvelisa zithathwa njengebhetshi enye.Umthumeli unokuzisa iimveliso kwibhetshi enye.
(1) Isampuli yokuhlolwa kokuhanjiswa
Isampuli yezinto zokuhlola imbonakalo yokupakisha ziya kwenziwa ngokwesicwangciso sesampulu sesibini se-GB/T 2828.1-2003.Phakathi kwabo, inqanaba lokuhlola ulwahlulo olungafanelekanga (isiphene) (II) kunye nenqanaba lomgangatho ofanelekileyo (AQL: 2.5 / 10.0) luchazwe kwiThebhile 8-1.
Izinto eziyimvavanyo ezonakalisayo zithathwa njengesampula ngokwe-GB/T 2828.1-2003 isicwangciso sesampulu sesibini, apho i-IL=S-3 kunye ne-AQL = 4.0.
Imixholo yokuhlolwa kwembonakalo yokupakisha ichazwe kwitheyibhile.
Qaphela: ① Le projekthi luvavanyo olutshabalalisayo.
Iisampulu yokuhlolwa kwezikhombisi zoluvo, zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kunye nezalathi zococeko.Iisampulu ezihambelanayo zikhethwa ngokungenamkhethe ngokwezinto zokuhlola ukuze kuhlolwe imiqondiso eyahlukeneyo yezoluvo, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neekhemikhali kunye nezalathi zococeko.
Ukuhlolwa komgangatho (umthamo) wesalathisi, khetha ngokungakhethiyo iisampulu zeyunithi ezili-10 kwaye ulinganise ixabiso eliphakathi ngokwendlela yokuvavanya umgangatho wemveliso ehambelanayo.
(2) Uhlobo lokuhlola isampuli
Izinto zokuhlola eziqhelekileyo ekuhlolweni kohlobo zisekelwe kwiziphumo zokuhlola ukuhanjiswa, kwaye isampuli ayiyi kuphinda iphindwe.
Ukuhlola izinto ezingaqhelekanga zokuhlola uhlobo, iiyunithi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 zeesampuli zinokuthathwa kuyo nayiphi na ibhetshi yeemveliso kwaye zihlolwe ngokweendlela ezichazwe kwimigangatho yemveliso.
4.Imithetho yesigqibo
(1) Ukuhlolwa kokunikezelwa kunye nemithetho yokuzimisela
Xa izikhombisi zococeko zingahambelani nemigangatho ehambelanayo, ibhetshi yeemveliso iya kugwetywa njengento engafanelekanga kwaye ayiyi kushiya ifektri.
Xa naziphi na izibonakaliso zoluvo, ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali azihambisani nemigangatho yemveliso ehambelanayo, izikhombisi zento zivumelekile ukuba zihlolwe kwakhona, kwaye amaqela okubonelela kunye nemfuno ngokudibeneyo athathe iisampuli.Ukuba abakafaneleki, ibhetshi yeemveliso iya kugwetywa njengengafanelekanga kwaye ayiyi kushiya umzi-mveliso.
Xa isalathisi somgangatho (umthamo) singahambelani nemigangatho yemveliso ehambelanayo, ukuhlolwa kwakhona kabini kuvunyelwe.Ukuba isasilela, ibhetshi yeemveliso iya kugwetywa njengebhetshi engaphumelelanga.
(2) Uhlobo lwemithetho yesigwebo sokuhlola
Imithetho yesigwebo sezinto zokuhlola eziqhelekileyo ekuhloleni uhlobo ziyafana nezo zokuhlolwa kokunikezelwa.
Ukuba enye yezinto ezingezona zesiqhelo zokuhlola ekuhlolweni kohlobo aluhambisani nemigangatho yemveliso, ibhetshi yonke yeemveliso iya kugwetywa njengengafanelekanga.
(3)Ukuhlolwa kolamlo
Xa kuvela impikiswano phakathi konikezelo kunye namaqela emfuno malunga nomgangatho wemveliso, omabini amaqela aya kuthi ngokudibeneyo aqhube uhlolo lwesampulu ngokuhambelana nalo mgangatho, okanye anike isikhululo solongamelo somgangatho ophezulu ukuba senze uhlolo lolamlo.
5.imithetho yokudluliselwa
(1) Ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela, uhlolo oluqhelekileyo luya kusetyenziswa ekuqaleni kohlolo.
(2)Ukususela ekuhlolweni okuqhelekileyo ukuya ekuhlolweni okungqongqo.Ngexesha lokuhlolwa okuqhelekileyo, ukuba iibhetshi ezi-2 kwiibhetshi ezi-5 ezilandelelanayo ziyasilela kuhlolo lokuqala (kungabandakanywa iibhetshi ezingeniswe ukuba zihlolwe kwakhona), ibhetshi elandelayo iya kudluliselwa kuhlolo olungqongqo.
(3) Ukususela ekuhlolweni okuqiniweyo ukuya ekuhlolweni okuqhelekileyo.Xa ukuhlolwa okungqongqo kuqhutywe, ukuba iibhetshi ezi-5 ezilandelelanayo zidlula ukuhlolwa kokuqala (ngaphandle kokuthunyelwa kwakhona kweebhetshi zokuhlola), ukuhlolwa kweqela elilandelayo kuya kudluliselwa ekuhlolweni okuqhelekileyo.
6.Check stop kwaye uqalise kwakhona
Emva kokuba uhlolo oluqiniweyo luqala, ukuba inani leebhetshi ezingafanelekanga (ngaphandle kweebhetshi ezingeniswe ukuba zihlolwe kwakhona) ziqokelela kwiibhetshi ezi-5, ukuhlolwa kokunikezelwa kwemveliso kuya kumiswa okwesikhashana.
Emva kokuba uhlolo lunqunyanyisiwe, ukuba umenzi uthatha amanyathelo okwenza iibhetshi ezithunyelwe ukuba zihlolwe zihlangabezane okanye zigqithise iimfuno ezisemgangathweni, ukuhlolwa kunokuphinda kuqaliswe ngemvume yegunya elinobuchule.Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ngokuhlolwa okungqongqo.
7.Ukulahlwa emva kokuhlolwa
Ngomgangatho (umthamo) iibhetshi ezingafanelekanga kunye neCandelo B iibhetshi ezingafanelekanga, umenzi uvumelekile ukuba azingenise ukuze zihlolwe kwakhona emva konyango olufanelekileyo.Ngenisa kwakhona ukuze uhlolwe ngokwesicwangciso sesampulu esiqinisiweyo.
Kudidi C iibhetshi ezingafanelekanga, umenzi uya kuzithumela ukuba zihlolwe kwakhona emva konyango olufanelekileyo, kwaye ziya kuhlolwa ngokwesicwangciso sesampulu esingqongqo okanye ziphathwe ngothethwano phakathi konikezelo kunye namaqela emfuno.
Indlela yoVavanyo lwe-Cosmetic Stability
1.Uvavanyo lokumelana nobushushu
Uvavanyo lokumelana nobushushu yinto ebalulekileyo yovavanyo lozinzo kwiikhrimu, izinto zokuthambisa kunye nezithambiso ezingamanzi, ezifana nelotion yeenwele, ilipstick, isithambiso esithambisayo, isilungisi, isithambiso sedayi yeenwele, ishampoo, ukuhlamba umzimba, isicoci sobuso, mousse yeenwele, Iimveliso ezinjengeekhrimu kunye neebhalsam. kufuneka bangene kwiimvavanyo zokuxhathisa ubushushu.
Ngenxa yokuba inkangeleko yezinto zokuthambisa ezahlukeneyo yahlukile, iimfuno zokuxhathisa ubushushu kunye neendlela zovavanyo lweemveliso ezahlukeneyo zahluke kancinane.Nangona kunjalo, imigaqo esisiseko yovavanyo iyafana, oko kukuthi: qala ulungelelanise i-incubator yombane engaguqukiyo ukuya (40±1) °C, emva koko uthathe iisampulu ezimbini, ubeke enye yazo kwi-incubator yombane engaguqukiyo yombane iiyure ezingama-24, thatha. ikhuphe, kwaye ibuyele kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.Emva koko uthelekise kunye nenye isampuli ukujonga ukuba i-thinning, i-discoloration, i-delamination kunye nobunzima bokutshintsha ukugweba ukuxhathisa ubushushu bemveliso.
2.Uvavanyo lokumelana nokubandayo
Njengovavanyo lokumelana nobushushu, uvavanyo lokumelana nokubanda luyinto ebalulekileyo yovavanyo lozinzo kwiikhrimu, iiloshini kunye neemveliso zolwelo.
Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yokuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithambiso zinenkangeleko eyahlukileyo, iimfuno zokumelana nokubanda kunye neendlela zokusebenza zovavanyo lweemveliso ezahlukeneyo zahluke kancinane.Nangona kunjalo, imigaqo esisiseko yovavanyo iyafana, oko kukuthi: lungisa kuqala ifriji ukuya (-5 ~ -15) ℃ ± 1 ℃, emva koko uthathe iisampuli ezimbini, ubeke enye yazo efrijini iiyure ezingama-24, uyikhuphe. , kwaye uyibuyisele.Emva kobushushu begumbi, yithelekise nenye isampulu ukujonga ukuba inokuncipha, i-discoloration, delamination and hardness change to judge the cold resistance of the product.
Uvavanyo lwe-3.Centrifuge
Uvavanyo lwe-centrifugal luvavanyo lokuvavanya ubomi beshelufu yezithambiso zokuthambisa.Yindlela yovavanyo oluyimfuneko ukukhawulezisa uvavanyo lokwahlula.Umzekelo, isicoci sobuso, isithambiso esithambisayo, isithambiso sedayi yeenwele, njl.njl zonke kufuneka zifakwe kwi-centrifuged.Indlela yile: beka isampuli kwi-centrifuge, uvavanyo kwisantya (2000 ~ 4000) r / min imizuzu engama-30, kwaye ugcine ukwahlukana kunye nokuhlelwa kwemveliso.
4.Uvavanyo lokuzinza kombala
Uvavanyo lokuzinza kombala luvavanyo lokujonga ukuba umbala wezithambiso ezinemibala uzinzile.Ekubeni ukubunjwa kunye neepropati zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithambiso zahlukile, iindlela zabo zokuhlola nazo zahlukile.Ngokomzekelo, uvavanyo lokuzinza kombala we-lotion yeenwele isebenzisa indlela ye-ultraviolet irradiation, kunye novavanyo lokuzinza kombala we-perfume kunye namanzi endlu yangasese isebenzisa indlela yokufudumeza i-oven.
Iindlela zokuhlolwa ngokubanzi kwezithambiso
1. Ukumiselwa kwexabiso le-pH
Ixabiso le-pH yesikhumba somntu ngokuqhelekileyo liphakathi kwe-4.5 kunye ne-6.5, ene-acidic.Oku kungenxa yokuba umphezulu wolusu wohlulwe ngokwesikhumba kunye nokubila, okuqulethe izinto ezineasidi ezifana ne-lactic acid, i-amino acids esimahla, i-uric acid, kunye ne-fatty acids.Ngokweempawu zomzimba zolusu, i-cream kunye ne-lotion cosmetics kufuneka ibe namaxabiso ahlukeneyo e-pH ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo.Ngoko ke, ixabiso le-pH liyisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokusebenza kwezithambiso.
Ukulinganisa inxalenye yesampulu (echanekile ukuya kwi-0.1g), yongeza i-10 izahlulo zamanzi adibeneyo amaxesha amaninzi, uvuselele ngokuqhubekayo, ubushushu ukuya kwi-40 ° C ukuyichitha ngokupheleleyo, ipholile ukuya (25 ± 1) ° C okanye ubushushu begumbi, kwaye usete. ecaleni.
Ukuba imveliso enomxholo ophezulu weoli, inokufudunyezwa kwi-(70 ~ 80) ℃, kwaye emva kokupholisa, susa ibhloko yeoli ukuze isetyenziswe kamva;iimveliso ze powdery zinokugawulwa kwaye zihluzwe ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva.Ukulinganisa ixabiso le-pH ngokwemiyalelo yemitha ye-pH.
2. Ukuzimisela kwe-viscosity
Xa ulwelo luhamba phantsi kwempembelelo yamandla angaphandle, ukuchasana phakathi kweeamolekyu zayo kubizwa ngokuba yi-viscosity (okanye i-viscosity).I-Viscosity yipropathi ebalulekileyo yomzimba yolwelo kunye nesinye sezibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo zomgangatho we-cream kunye ne-lotion cosmetics.I-Viscosity ilinganiswa ngokubanzi nge-viscometer ejikelezayo.
ICashmere yicashmere entle ekhula ezingcanjini zoboya oburhabaxa bebhokhwe.Kuba ubukhulu bayo buncinci kunoboya begusha, ingagcina umoya othe ngcu ngakumbi, ngoko ke ineempawu zokugquma ubushushu kwaye sisixhobo somlingo seebhokhwe ukumelana nobusika obubandayo.Kwaye ngenxa yokuba izikali kumphezulu wecashmere ifayibha zibhityile kwaye zinamathela ngokusondeleyo kwimisonto yefiber, iimveliso ze cashmere zinokubengezela okungcono, ukuvakala okugudileyo kunye nemibimbi encinci kuneemveliso zoboya.Xa iibhokhwe zicheba iinwele zazo rhoqo entlakohlaza, i cashmere ifunyanwa ngokukama.Kuthatha uboya beebhokhwe ezintlanu ukusonta ijezi ye cashmere engama 250g.Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemveliso, i-cashmere ikwabizwa ngokuba "yigolide ethambileyo".
3. Umlinganiselo wobunzima
I-Perfume, amanzi entloko kunye neemveliso ze-lotion okanye ezinye i-precipitates ezinganyibilikiyo ezingakhange zohlulwe ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yexesha lokuguga elinganelanga, okanye ngenxa yento enganyibilikiyo ngokwenyani efana ne-dipping gum kunye nomxholo we-wax ngokupheleleyo, kulula ukubangela Imveliso. kuba namafu, kwaye ubufu ngomnye wemiba yomgangatho ophambili ngezi zithambiso.I-turbidity ilinganiswa ubukhulu becala ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo.
(1) Imigaqo esisiseko
Ukuvavanya ngokubonakalayo ukucaca kwesampuli kwindawo yokuhlambela amanzi okanye enye ifriji.
(2) Iireagents
Iityhubhu zomkhenkce okanye amanzi omkhenkce (okanye ezinye iifriji ezifanelekileyo ngu-5°C ngaphantsi kobushushu obulinganisiweyo)
(3) Amanyathelo omlinganiselo
Beka iityhubhu zomkhenkce okanye amanzi omkhenkce kwibeaker, okanye ezinye izikhenkcezisi ezifanelekileyo ezingaphantsi kwe-5°C kunobushushu obulinganisiweyo.
Thatha iinxalenye ezimbini zesampulu kwaye uzigalele kwiityhubhu ezimbini zokuvavanya iglasi ngaphambili φ2cm×13cm.Ukuphakama kwesampuli yi-1/3 yobude betyhubhu yokuvavanya.Xhuma umlomo wetyhubhu yovavanyo ngokuqinileyo ngesivalo sesiririya ithemometha ukuze ibhalbhu yemercury yethemometha ibe kumbindi wesampulu.
Beka enye φ3cm × 15cm ityhubhu yokuvavanya ngaphandle kombhobho wokuvavanya ukuze ityhubhu yokuvavanya equkethe isampuli iphakathi kwe-casing.Qaphela ukuba ungawachukumisi amazantsi etyhubhu ezimbini zovavanyo.Beka ityhubhu yovavanyo kwibeaker enefriji ukupholisa phantsi, ukwenzela ukuba ubushushu besampulu buhle kancinci, kwaye ujonge ukuba isampulu icacile xa ifikelela kubushushu obuchaziweyo.Sebenzisa enye isampuli njengolawulo xa uqwalasela.Phinda umlinganiselo kube kanye kwaye iziphumo ezibini kufuneka zihambelane.
(4) Ukuchazwa kweziphumo
Kwiqondo lokushisa elichaziweyo, ukuba isampuli isacacile njengesampuli yasekuqaleni, umphumo wokuvavanya wesampuli ucacile kwaye awukho i-turbid.
(5) Izilumkiso
① Le ndlela ilungele ukumiselwa kwe-turbidity ye-perfume, amanzi entloko kunye neemveliso zokuthambisa.
②Iisampulu ezahlukeneyo zinesalathiso sobushushu esichaziweyo.Umzekelo: i-perfume 5℃, amanzi endlu yangasese 10℃.
4.Ukumiselwa koxinzelelo olunxulumeneyo
Ukuxinana okuzalanayo kubhekisa kumlinganiselo wobunzima bomthamo othile wezinto kubunzima bomthamo omnye wamanzi.Luphawu lomsebenzi olubalulekileyo lwezithambiso ezingamanzi.
5.Ukuzimisela ukuzinza kombala
Umbala luphawu olubalulekileyo lokusebenza kwezithambiso, kwaye ukuzinza kombala ngomnye wemiba ephambili yomgangatho wezinto zokuthambisa.Indlela ephambili yokulinganisa ukuzinza kombala kukuhlola okubonakalayo.
(1) Imigaqo esisiseko
Thelekisa utshintsho lombala wesampuli emva kokufudumeza kubushushu obuthile.
(2) Amanyathelo omlinganiselo
Thatha izahlulo ezibini zesampulu kwaye ugalele kwiityhubhu ezimbini zovavanyo ze-φ2 × 13cm ngokulandelanayo.Ukuphakama kwesampuli malunga ne-2/3 yobude betyhubhu.Yiqhoboshele ngesivalo kwaye ubeke enye yazo kwiqondo lobushushu elilungiswe kwangaphambili le (48±1)℃.Kwibhokisi yeqondo lokushisa rhoqo, vula isivalo emva kweyure eli-1, emva koko uyigcine ixhunyiwe, kwaye uqhubeke uyifake kwibhokisi yokushisa eqhubekayo.Emva kweeyure ezingama-24, yikhuphe kwaye uyithelekise nenye isampuli.Akufunekanga kubekho utshintsho kumbala.
(3) Inkcazo yesiphumo
Kwiqondo lokushisa elichaziweyo, ukuba isampuli isawugcina umbala wayo wokuqala, umphumo wovavanyo lwesampulu kukuba umbala uzinzile kwaye awutshintshi.
6. Ukumiselwa kweessences kwiperfume nakumanzi angasese
Ivumba linika izithambiso ivumba elithile kwaye izisa ubuhle kunye nentuthuzelo kubasebenzisi.Phantse zonke izithambiso zisebenzisa ivumba, ngoko ke ivumba yenye yezinto eziphambili ezisisiseko zokuthambisa.Indlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yokumisela iziqholo kwizithambiso yindlela yokukhupha i-ether.
(1) Imigaqo esisiseko
Ukusebenzisa umgaqo wokuba i-essence i-miscible kwi-diethyl ether, i-essence ikhutshwa kwisampuli nge-diethyl ether, kwaye i-ether iyasuswa kwaye emva koko ilinganiswe ukufumana umxholo we-essence.
(2) Iireagents
①Ether, i-anhydrous sodium sulfate
②Isisombululo se-sodium chloride: Yongeza umthamo olinganayo wamanzi adibeneyo kwisisombululo se-sodium chloride egcweleyo.
(3) Amanyathelo omlinganiselo
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo (20 ~ 50) g yesampuli ukuba ivavanywe (echanekileyo kwi-0.000 2 g) kwi-1 L ye-pear-shaped separatory funnel, uze udibanise i-300 mL yesisombululo se-sodium chloride.Emva koko yongeza i-70 mL ye-diethyl ether, vuthulula, kwaye uyeke ukuma ukwahlula iileya.Yenza izicatshulwa ezithathu zizonke.Beka izicatshulwa ezintathu ze-ethyl ether kunye kwi-1 L ye-pear-shaped separatory funnel, yongeza i-200 mL yesisombululo se-sodium chloride, xubha kwaye uhlambe., vumela ukuma kwi-layer, ulahle isisombululo se-sodium chloride, udlulisele isicatshulwa se-ether kwi-flask ye-Erlenmeyer eyi-500 ml, yongeza i-5 g ye-sodium anhydrous sulfate, xubha, yomile kwaye i-dehydrate.Hlunga isisombululo kwi-beaker eyomileyo necocekileyo ye-300 mL, hlambulula i-Erlenmeyer flask nge-ether encinci, udibanise i-eluent kwi-beaker, kwaye ubeke i-beaker kwibhafu yamanzi engama-50 ° C ukuze ibe ngumphunga.Xa isisombululo siphuphuma kwi-20 mL, tshintshela isisombululo kwi-beaker ye-50 mL yangaphambili, qhubeka u-evaporation de i-ether isuswe, ubeke i-beaker kwi-desiccator, i-vacuum kwaye unciphise uxinzelelo kwi (6.67 × 10³) Pa, kwaye ubeke yona nge 1h, ubunzima.
(4) Isiphumo sokubala
Iqhezu lobunzima w lesicatshulwa se-ether libalwa ngokuhambelana nale fomula ilandelayo.
w=(m1-m0)/m
Kwifomula: m0——ubunzima bebeaker, g;
m1——Ubunzima bebhekile kunye nencindi ye-ether, g;
m——isampulu yobunzima, g.
(5) Izilumkiso
①Le ndlela ifanelekile kwizinto zokuthambisa ezifana ne-perfume, i-cologne kunye namanzi angasese.
②Impazamo evumelekileyo yeziphumo zovavanyo olunxuseneyo yi-0.5%.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-17-2024