NgoJanuwari 2022, isivumelwano se-regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) saqala ukusebenza, sihlanganisa amazwe angu-10 e-ASEAN, i-China, Japan, South Korea, Australia kanye ne-New Zealand.Amazwe angamalungu ayi-15 ahlanganisa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yenani labantu bomhlaba, futhi isamba sawo esithunyelwa ngaphandle sithatha cishe u-30% yenani eliphelele lomhlaba wonke.Ngo-2021, i-China yathumela ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-562.31 wendwangu nezingubo emazweni angamalungu e-RCEP, okubalelwa ku-27.6% yenani eliphelele le-China lendwangu nezingubo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.Ngokusho kwezwe elilodwa, phakathi kwezimakethe eziyishumi ezihamba phambili zendwangu nezingubo zokugqoka zaseChina, amazwe angamalungu e-RCEP abalwa amahlanu, okuyiJapan, Vietnam, South Korea, Australia kanye neMalaysia, athumela ngaphandle kwebhiliyoni elingu-129.51, 113.78 billion yuan, 65.02 billion. i-yuan, ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-44.07 kanye nama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-41.93 ngokulandelana, okubalelwa ku-6.4%, 5.6%, 3.2%, 2.2% kanye no-2.1% yenani eliphelele lempahla yendwangu nezingubo zaseChina ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.
Umdwebo ohleliwe wokuthunyelwa kwendwangu nezingubo zaseChina emazweni angamalungu e-RCEP ngo-2021
Ukuze kusetshenziswe kangcono izimfuneko "zokunaka kakhudlwana nokufunda izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zohwebo zamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP" emibonweni eyisiqondiso yoMnyango Wezohwebo neminye iminyango eyisithupha mayelana nokuqaliswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yesivumelwano sobambiswano lwezomnotho olubanzi lwesifunda. (RCEP), manje sesiqoqa futhi sihlunga izindlela zokuhwebelana zobuchwepheshe zendwangu nezingubo ze-RCEP, ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngesiqondiso kumabhizinisi endwangu nezingubo ukuze athuthukise imakethe ye-RCEP.
Japan
01 isiphathimandla esilawulayo
Ama-ejensi alawula ukungeniswa kwezindwangu nezingubo zase-Japan ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa uMnyango Wezempilo, abasebenzi Nenhlalakahle (MHLW), uMnyango Wezomnotho, Izimboni (METI), i-ejensi yezindaba zabathengi (CAA) kanye ne-Japan customs and Tariff Bureau.02 imithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe kanye namazinga
Izidingo ezijwayelekile zamalebula ekhwalithi yendwangu nezingubo zicaciswe emthethweni welebula yekhwalithi yempahla yasendlini ① kanye nemithetho yamalebula ekhwalithi yendwangu ②.Ukuze uthole imininingwane, bheka i-JIS L 0001:2014 ukuhlonza amalebula okugeza nokugcinwa kwezindwangu ③.Umthetho wokulawula izinto eziyingozi ezihlokweni zasendlini ④ kanye nemithethonqubo yawo esetshenziswayo ⑤ ulawula izinto eziyingozi ezindwangu nasezimpahleni, futhi wenze uhlu lwamagama, imikhiqizo esebenzayo nezindlela zokuhlola zezinto eziyingozi.Uhlaka lwamazinga okulawula ezinto eziyingozi kuma-athikili asekhaya ⑥ lugcwalisa izimfuneko zomkhawulo.Umthetho wokuphatha wokubuyekeza ingxenye yomyalelo wokuphoqelela ekuhlolweni nasekukhiqizweni kwezinto zamakhemikhali ⑦ ubeka ukuthi ukungeniswa kwendwangu nezingubo eziqukethe i-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) nosawoti wayo akuvunyelwe.I-athikili 8-3 yomthetho wokuvikela umlilo ⑧ ibeka ukusebenza okushisayo nezimfuneko zelebula zendwangu ethile nezingubo.Bona izinto ezibalulekile ⑨ ze-Japan Fire Protection Association ukuze uthole imininingwane.Umthetho wesikweletu somkhiqizo ⑩ ubeka ukuthi umkhiqizi uzothwala isibopho sokufa, ukulimala noma ukulimala kwempahla okudalwe ukonakala komkhiqizo (njengezinalithi eziphukile).Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yendwangu nezingubo esebenzisa uboya noma isikhumba nayo idinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-Washington Convention, isenzo sokuzingela ukuze kuvikelwe izilwane zasendle, uMthetho Wokulawula Izifo Ezithathelwanayo Ezifuyweni, kanye nomthetho wokuvikela izilwane zasendle ezisengozini.
03 inqubo yokuhlola ukuhambisana
1. Ngemuva kokuthi izindwangu nezingubo ezingenisiwe zihlolwe yi-ejensi emisiwe ukuze ihambisane nezindinganiso zezimboni ze-JIS zaseJapane, uphawu lwe-JIS lunganamathiselwa emikhiqizweni, okubonisa ukuthi bathole isitifiketi se-JIS se-Japan Industrial Standards Investigation Association.Lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla ukukhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhambisana namazinga omkhiqizo we-JIS;Amamaki ahambisana nokucubungula izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe;Uphawu oluthobelana namazinga e-JIS acacisa izici ezithile ezikhethekile ezifana nokusebenza, ukuphepha, njll.
2. Indwangu nezimpahla zokugqoka nazo zingananyathiselwa namamaki eziqu zokuzithandela, njengophawu lwe-SIF (isitifiketi sekhwalithi ephezulu yekhwalithi yendwangu yase-Japan kanye neSikhungo Sobuchwepheshe), uphawu lukasilika (imikhiqizo egunyazwe inhlangano yendwangu kasilika yamazwe ngamazwe yenziwe ngosilika we-100%. ), uphawu lwe-hemp (isitifiketi semikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu yelineni lase-Japan, i-ramie ne-jute Textile Manufacturers Association), umaki we-SEK (imikhiqizo egunyazwe i-Japan Textile Function Evaluation Association) kanye no-Q mark (isitifiketi sekhwalithi ephezulu ye-Q mark Committee) .3. Umnyango wezomnotho, ezohwebo nezimboni zase-Japan uqondisa imakethe ngokuhlola endaweni kanye nokubika komphakathi, futhi uzokwazisa umkhiqizi noma umphakeli ukuthi alungise izindwangu nezingubo ezingafaneleki noma ezingalebulanga ngokuvumelana nemithetho engenhla.Uma u-opharetha webhizinisi ehluleka ukulungisa ngesikhathi, umqhubi webhizinisi uzogwetshwa isikhathi esinqunyiwe ejele elingekho ngaphezu konyaka owodwa kanye nenhlawulo engeqile kweyen eyisigidi esi-1 ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zomthetho wokumiswa kwezimboni wase-Japan.
04 amathiphu afudumele
Amabhizinisi athumela izindwangu nezingubo zokugqoka kufanele anake ukugadwa kwezinto eziyingozi zemikhiqizo yasendlini e-Japan, ikakhulukazi izinto ezingacacisiwe kumazinga ayisibopho endwangu nezingubo zaseShayina, njengama-flame retardants, ama-insecticide, ama-fungicide kanye nama-ejenti aqeda ubufakazi besikhunta, i-perfluorooctanoic. acid (PFOA) kanye nosawoti wayo.I-Japan idinga ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde yemikhiqizo yengane engaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-24 kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-16mg / kg, okuqinile kunezinhlinzeko ze-GB 18401 (20mg / kg) e-China.Kufanele kuqashelwe futhi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iJapane inezidingo eziqinile zezinaliti eziphukile, futhi izingubo ezivela kwamanye amazwe kufanele ziphumelele ukuhlolwa kwezinaliti eziphukile.Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi amabhizinisi asebenzise imishini yokuhlola inaliti ukuqinisa ukuhlolwa.
Vietnam
01 isiphathimandla esilawulayo
Izindinganiso zokuphepha zezindwangu nezingubo zaseVietnam zakhiwe yi-General Administration of standards, metrology and quality (stameq) ngaphansi koMnyango wezesayensi nobuchwepheshe, obhekelele ukumisa, i-metrology, ukukhiqiza kanye nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi.UMnyango Wezimboni Nohwebo unomthwalo wemfanelo wokugada ukuphepha kwezindwangu nezingubo.Umnyango wezesayensi nobuchwepheshe ongaphansi koMnyango unomthwalo wemfanelo wokubuyekeza nokuhlola amafayela okubhaliswa kwebhizinisi ezikhungo zezitifiketi, zokuhlola nokuhlola, futhi umnyango ophelele wokuphatha izimakethe ngaphansi koMnyango unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlela nokuqondisa izigaba zokuphathwa kwezimakethe zezifundazwe nomasipala ngokuqondile. ngaphansi kukahulumeni omkhulu ukuhlola, ukulawula kanye nokubhekana nokuphulwa kwemithethonqubo yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nempahla.Izindwangu nezingubo ezingenisiwe zizokhishwa ngamasiko.
02 imithethonqubo namazinga obuchwepheshe
Imithetho yezobuchwepheshe yezindwangu nezembatho yaseVietnam yi-qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT imithetho kazwelonke yezobuchwepheshe mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kanye namadayi e-azo angabola abe ama-amine aphunga ezindwangu (imithetho ekhishwe 21 / 2017 / tt-bct ⑪ kanye nezichibiyelo ezilandelayo 20187 / / tt-bct ⑫ kanye no-20 / 2018 / tt-bct ⑬).Imithetho yokulebula impahla ⑭ icacisa izimfuneko zokulebula ezimpahleni ezithengiswa e-Vietnam.Amalebula kumele abhalwe ngesi-Vietnamese, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwefayibha, imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, ulwazi oluyisixwayiso, imiyalelo yokusebenzisa nokugcinwa, unyaka wokukhiqiza, njll.
03 inqubo yokuhlola ukuhambisana
1. Imikhiqizo nezimpahla ezithengiswa emakethe yaseVietnam kumele zihambisane nezinhlinzeko ze-qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT imithetho kazwelonke yezobuchwepheshe mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kanye namadayi e-azo angabola abe ama-amine anephunga elimnandi ezindwangu;Ngokuhambisana Nesaziso No. 28 / 2012 / tt-bkhcn ⑮ kanye Nesaziso No. 02 / 2017 / tt-bkhcn ⑯ Somnyango Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, uphawu lokuvumelana (i-CR mark) luzophrintwa.2. Ukugunyazwa kwamasiko okungenisa nokuthekelisa eVietnam kudinga imibhalo ehlukahlukene ecaciswe ku-38 / 2015 / tt-btc ⑰, 39 / 2018 / tt-btc ⑱, 60 / 2019 / tt-btc ⑲ kanye ne-06 / 2021 / tt-btc datedc NgoJanuwari 22, 2021. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa komthetho omusha we-custom, imvume ye-elekthronikhi ye-custom kumele yenziwe ngokusemthethweni.
04 amathiphu afudumele
Imikhawulo yezinto eziyingozi ezindwangu nasezimpahleni eVietnam ikhululeke kakhulu kunaleyo yaseChina.Isibonelo, izidingo ze-formaldehyde ezihlokweni zezinsana nezingane ezincane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-36 azikho ngaphezu kwe-30mg / kg (20mg / kg e-China), futhi izinto ze-azo ezingu-22 azikho ngaphezu kwe-30mg / kg (izinto ezingama-24 azo azikho ngaphezulu. ngaphezu kwe-20mg / kg e-China).Ukuthekelisa eVietnam kuzogxila ezidingweni ze-qcvn: 01/2017/BCT imithetho kazwelonke yezobuchwepheshe kokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde namadayi e-azo angabola abe ama-amine anuka kamnandi ezindwangu, njengophawu lokuvumelana nesimemezelo sokuvumelana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-22-2022