Ukwahlukaniswa kanye Nendlela Yokucwaninga Abahlinzeki Ezimakethe ZaseYurophu NaseMelika

Ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kwamabhizinisi ase-Europe naseMelika kuvame ukulandela izindinganiso ezithile, futhi ibhizinisi ngokwalo noma izikhungo zokucwaningwa kwamabhuku ezigunyaziwe zezinkampani zangaphandle zenza ucwaningo nokuhlola abahlinzeki.Amazinga okucwaningwa kwamabhuku ezinkampani namaphrojekthi ahlukene nawo ayahluka kakhulu, ngakho ukuhlola kwefekthri akuwona umkhuba wasemhlabeni wonke, kodwa ububanzi bezindinganiso ezisetshenzisiwe ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo.Kufana namabhulokhi okwakha e-Lego, akha amazinga ahlukene ezinhlanganisela zokuhlolwa kwefekthri.Lezi zingxenye ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezine: ukuhlolwa kwamalungelo abantu, ukuhlolwa okulwa nobuphekula, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempilo yemvelo nokuphepha.

Isigaba 1, Ukuhlolwa Kwemboni Yamalungelo Abantu

Ngokusemthethweni kwaziwa njengokuhlolwa kwesibopho somphakathi, ukuhlolwa kwesibopho somphakathi, ukuhlolwa kwefekthri yesibopho somphakathi, nokunye.Iphinde ihlukaniseke ngesitifiketi esijwayelekile senkampani yesibopho somphakathi (njenge-SA8000, ICTI, BSCI, WRAP, SMETA certification, njll.) kanye nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwamakhasimende (okubuye kwaziwe njengokuhlola kwefekthri ye-COC, okufana ne-WAL-MART, DISNEY, ukuhlolwa kwefekthri ye-Carrefour. njll.).Lolu hlobo "lokuhlolwa kwefekthri" lusetshenziswa kakhulu ngezindlela ezimbili.

1. Isitifiketi Esijwayelekile Sokuzibophezela Komphakathi Kwebhizinisi

Isitifiketi esijwayelekile somthwalo wemfanelo kumphakathi sibhekisela kumsebenzi wokugunyaza izikhungo zezinkampani zangaphandle ezingathathi hlangothi ngonjiniyela wesistimu yenhlangano yesibopho somphakathi ukuze zibuyekeze ukuthi inkampani efaka isicelo sezinga elithile ingakwazi yini ukuhlangabezana namazinga anqunyiwe.Umthengi udinga amabhizinisi aseShayina ukuthi athole izitifiketi zokufaneleka ngezitifiketi ezithile ezijwayelekile zamazwe ngamazwe, zesifunda, noma zemboni “zesibopho somphakathi”, njengesisekelo sokuthenga noma sokubeka ama-oda.Lawa mazinga ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi i-SA8000, ICTI, EICC, WRAP, BSCI, ICS, SMETA, njll.

2. Ukubuyekezwa okujwayelekile kwekhasimende (Indlela Yokuziphatha)

Ngaphambi kokuthenga imikhiqizo noma ukubeka ama-oda okukhiqiza, izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zibukeza ngokuqondile ukuqaliswa kwesibopho senkampani emphakathini, ikakhulukazi izindinganiso zabasebenzi, yizinkampani zaseShayina ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokubophezeleka komphakathi ezisungulwe izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, ngokuvamile ezaziwa ngokuthi amakhodi okuziphatha ezinkampani.Ngokuvamile, izinkampani ezinkulu neziphakathi nezizwe eziningi zinekhodi yazo yokuziphatha yebhizinisi, njenge-Wal Mart, Disney, Nike, Carrefour, BROWNSHOE, PAYLESSS HOESOURCE, VIEWPOINT, Macy's nezinye izingubo zaseYurophu nezaseMelika, izicathulo, izidingo zansuku zonke, ukuthengisa. nezinye izinkampani zamaqembu.Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqinisekiswa kwenkampani yesibili.

Okuqukethwe kukho kokubili izitifiketi kusekelwe kumazinga omsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe, adinga abahlinzeki bempahla ukuthi bathathe izibopho ezinqunyiwe ngokwezindinganiso zabasebenzi kanye nezimo zokuphila zabasebenzi.Uma kuqhathaniswa, isitifiketi senkampani yangaphandle sivele ngaphambili, sinekhava enkulu nomthelela, kuyilapho izindinganiso nezibuyekezo zesitifiketi somuntu wesithathu ziphelele.

Uhlobo lwesibili, ukuhlolwa kwemboni yokulwa nobuphekula

Esinye sezinyathelo zokubhekana nemisebenzi yobuphekula eyavela ngemva kokuhlasela kwe-9/11 e-United States ngo-2001. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemishini yokuhlola ukulwa nobuphekula: C-TPAT kanye ne-GSV eqinisekisiwe.Okwamanje, isitifiketi se-GSV esikhishwe yi-ITS samukelwa kabanzi ngamakhasimende.

1. I-C-TPAT yokulwa nobuphekula

I-Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) ihlose ukusebenzisana nezimboni ezifanele ukusungula uhlelo lokuphathwa kwezokuphepha lwe-supply chain ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezokuthutha, ulwazi lwezokuphepha, kanye nokuhamba kwezimpahla kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-supply chain, ngaleyo ndlela. ukuvimbela ukungena kwamaphekula.

2. GSV ngokumelene nobuphekula

I-Global Security Verification (GSV) iwuhlelo lwesevisi yezentengiselwano oluhamba phambili emhlabeni wonke oluhlinzeka ngokusekela ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamasu okuphepha ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke, okubandakanya ukuphepha kwefekthri, ukugcinwa kwempahla, ukupakisha, ukulayishwa, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi.Umgomo wohlelo lwe-GSV ukusebenzisana nabahlinzeki bempahla nabangenisa kwamanye amazwe, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komhlaba wonke, ukusiza wonke amalungu ukuqinisa ukuphepha nokulawula ubungozi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain, nokunciphisa izindleko.I-C-TPAT/GSV ifaneleka ngokukhethekile kubakhiqizi nabahlinzeki abathumela kwamanye amazwe kuzo zonke izimboni emakethe yase-US, okuvumela ukungena ngokushesha e-US ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezisheshayo, ukunciphisa izinqubo zokuhlola amasiko;Khulisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo kusukela ekukhiqizweni kuze kufike lapho iya khona, yehlisa ukulahlekelwa, futhi uzuze abathengisi abaningi baseMelika.

Isigaba sesithathu, ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kwekhwalithi

Okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi noma ukuhlola umthamo wokukhiqiza, kubhekiselwa ekucwaningweni kwemboni okususelwe kumazinga ekhwalithi yomthengi othile.Izinga ngokuvamile akulona “izinga elivamile”, elihlukile kusitifiketi sohlelo lwe-ISO9001.Imvamisa yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ayiphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwesibopho somphakathi kanye nokuhlolwa kokulwa nobuphekula.Futhi ubunzima bokucwaningwa kwamabhuku buncane kunokuhlolwa kwefekthri yesibopho somphakathi.Thatha i-FCCA ye-Wal Mart njengesibonelo.

Igama eligcwele lokuhlolwa kwefekthri entsha ye-FCCA yakwa-Wal Mart ithi Factory Capacity&Capacity Assessment, okuwumphumela wefekthri nokuhlola umthamo.Injongo yayo iwukubuyekeza ukuthi amandla emboni kanye namandla okukhiqiza ayahlangabezana yini namandla nezidingo zekhwalithi ze-Wal Mart.Okuqukethwe kwayo okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:

1. Izinsiza Zefekthri kanye Nemvelo

2. Ukulinganisa Umshini Nokugcina

3. Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ikhwalithi

4. Ukulawulwa Kwezinto Ezingenayo

5. Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo Nokukhiqiza

6. In House Lab Testing

7. Ukuhlolwa kokugcina

Isigaba 4, Ukuhlolwa Kwemboni Yezempilo Nokuphepha Kwendawo

Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, impilo nokuphepha, okufushanisiwe njenge-EHS ngesiNgisi.Ngokunaka okwandayo kwawo wonke umphakathi ezindabeni zempilo nokuphepha kwemvelo, abaphathi be-EHS sebeshintshile basuka emsebenzini osizayo wokuphatha ibhizinisi bangena engxenyeni ebalulekile yemisebenzi yebhizinisi esimeme.Njengamanje, izinkampani ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-EHS zifaka i-General Electric, i-Universal Pictures, i-Nike, nezinye.